Geissler tube

Japanese: ガイスラー管 - がいすらーかん
Geissler tube

A cold cathode discharge tube with a vacuum level of several tens to several torr (1 torr is the pressure of 1 millimeter of mercury column). It was named after the fact that J. Plücker of the University of Bonn in Germany had H. Geissler, a physicochemical instrument engineer in the same town, make one in 1857 for the purpose of conducting vacuum discharge experiments and studying spectroscopy. It is sometimes also called a Plücker tube, named after the client.

Geissler tubes are used in vacuum discharge experiments, as simple vacuum gauges to measure the degree of vacuum, and in spectral studies of gas atoms contained within the tube, in which case the tube has a narrow central section.

The discharge begins as a snake's tongue at several tens of torr, and at a few torr it becomes a bright glow discharge that spreads over the entire tube. As the vacuum is further increased, this bright positive column gradually becomes shorter, and at around 1/100th of torr the entire tube glows faintly, and as the vacuum is further increased, yellow-green fluorescence appears on the tube wall. This fluorescence is caused by a type of radiation (electrons) emitted from the cathode, and Plucker, together with J. W. Hittorf, had demonstrated that the same material can produce different spectra depending on the temperature.

[Michinori Iwata]

[Reference item] | Vacuum discharge
Geissler tube (vacuum discharge experiment)
©Shogakukan ">

Geissler tube (vacuum discharge experiment)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

真空度が数十~数トル(1トルは水銀柱1ミリメートルの圧力)の冷陰極放電管。真空放電の実験とスペクトルの研究のため、ドイツのボン大学のプリュッカーJ. Plückerが同じ町の理化学機器工のガイスラーH. Geisslerに1857年に依頼してつくらせたので、この名がある。別に依頼主の名に基づいてプリュッカー管とよぶこともある。

 ガイスラー管は、真空放電の実験のほか、簡単な真空計として真空度の測定に用いられている。また、管内の気体原子のスペクトル研究にも用いられるが、その場合は管の中央部は細い。

 放電の様相は、数十トルでヘビの舌状の放電が始まり、数トルで管一面に広がった明るいグロー放電になる。さらに真空度があがると、この明るい陽光柱はだんだん短くなり、100分の1トル付近では全体が薄く光るようになり、さらに真空度をあげると黄緑の蛍光が管壁に現れる。この蛍光は陰極から出る一種の放射線(電子)によるもので、同一物質でも温度によって異種のスペクトルを出すことなどとあわせて、ヒットルフJ. W. Hittorfとともにプリュッカーが実証していた。

[岩田倫典]

[参照項目] | 真空放電
ガイスラー管(真空放電実験)
©Shogakukan">

ガイスラー管(真空放電実験)


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