Seaquake - Kaishin

Japanese: 海震 - かいしん
Seaquake - Kaishin

Earthquakes are felt on ships sailing or operating at sea. Seismic waves travelling from the epicenter through rocks under the seabed are refracted at the seabed surface due to the difference in seismic wave speed between rocks and seawater, and travel upward as longitudinal waves at an angle close to vertical. Seismic waves attenuate little in seawater, so they are transmitted to the ship as large vibrations. People on board feel them as very special vibrations with short periods that are completely different from the rocking caused by ocean waves. The larger the earthquake and the shallower the epicenter, the stronger it is felt. In major earthquakes with epicenters under the seabed, such as the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (magnitude 7.9) off the coast of Aomori Prefecture, many ships sailing nearby are said to have mistaken the vibrations for those caused by serious engine failure (breakage of the thick propeller shaft that turns the screw). There have been cases in the past where ships have been torn apart by seaquakes, and there have been long-standing cases of parts of ships being damaged both in Japan and abroad.

[Hideki Shimamura]

“Super Large Floating Structures” (edited by the Performance Subcommittee, Marine Engineering Committee, Japan Society of Naval Architects) (1955, Seizando Shoten)

[References] | Earthquakes | Seismic waves | Tokachi offshore earthquake

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海上で航行中や操業中の船上で感じる地震。震源から海底下の岩を伝わってきた地震波が、岩と海水との地震波速度の違いから海底面で屈折して鉛直に近い角度で縦波として上ってくるもの。海水中の地震波の減衰は小さいので、大きな振動として船に伝わる。船内の人々には、海の波による揺れとはまったく違う短周期で非常に特別な振動として感じられる。地震が大きいほど、また震源が浅いほど強く感じられる。震源が海底下にある大地震、たとえば青森県沖におきた1968年(昭和43)の十勝沖地震(とかちおきじしん)(マグニチュード7.9)などのときには、近くを航行中だった多くの船では、船のエンジンの重大な故障(スクリューを回している太いプロペラシャフトの折損)による振動と錯覚したといわれる。かつては海震によって船がばらばらになった例もあり、船の一部が破損した例は、日本でも外国でも古くからある。

[島村英紀]

『日本造船学会海洋工学委員会性能部会編『超大型浮体構造物』(1955・成山堂書店)』

[参照項目] | 地震 | 地震波 | 十勝沖地震

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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