"Treasure of England from Foreign Trade" - The Treasure of England from Foreign Trade

Japanese: 《外国貿易によるイングランドの財宝》 - がいこくぼうえきによるいんぐらんどのざいほう
"Treasure of England from Foreign Trade" - The Treasure of England from Foreign Trade


[Shift from weighted average to trade differential principle]
This transformation progressed on the basis of the first land enclosure movement and the development of domestic industry, and was directly brought to the surface by the Foreign Exchange Controversy (the first economic controversy in history), which was triggered by the slump in woolen exports and the domestic shortage of money that began in 1620. This controversy took place between G. de Malines, a mercantile advocate, and E. Misselden and T. Mann, proponents of trade differentials. The former argued for preventing the outflow of monetary wealth and promoting its inflow through direct and individual trade control policies, while the latter advocated a general trade balance theory, and was finally systematized in Mann's major work, The Treasure of England by Foreign Trade (1664, published posthumously). A. Smith evaluated Mann's major work as ``the fundamental proposition of the economics of all other commercial countries,'' and since then, this book has long been considered a classic of mercantilism.

From 【Merchant】

…The representative proponent of this was Thomas Mann (1571-1641) of England. In his book, The Treasure of England by Foreign Trade (published in 1664), he wrote, “Foreign trade is a great revenue to the king, an honor to our kingdom, a good profession to our merchants, a provider of work to our poor, a developer of our soil, and a school for our sailors.” In France, too, protectionist trade policies were promoted under Colbert (1619-83). …

From [Man]

…British mercantilist. An executive of the British East India Company. In response to criticism of the company's large-scale exports of silver, he wrote The Treasure of England by Foreign Trade (1664), arguing that the company was actually contributing to improving Britain's balance of payments by re-exporting East India goods that it imported to other countries. This marked the beginning of the development of mercantilist theory, which focuses on the balance of payments as a whole, rather than on the difference between individual transactions.

*The following is a portion of the glossary that refers to "England's Treasures from Foreign Trade."

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[重金主義から貿易差額主義への転換]
 この転換は,第1次土地囲込み運動と国内産業の発展とに基づいて進行し,直接には1620年に始まる毛織物輸出の不振と国内の貨幣不足とを契機とする〈外国為替論争〉(歴史上最初の経済論争)によって表面化した。この論争は,重金主義者G.deマリーンズと貿易差額論者E.ミッセルデンおよびT.マンとの間で行われ,前者が直接的,個別的な貿易統制政策による貨幣的富の国外流出防止と流入促進とを主張したのに対し,後者は総括的貿易バランス論を主張し,最終的にはマンの主著《外国貿易によるイングランドの財宝》(1664,死後出版)によって体系化された。A.スミスはこのマンの主著を〈すべての他の商業国の経済学の基本的命題になった〉ものと評価し,それ以来この著書は長いあいだ重商主義の古典とみなされてきた。…

【商人】より

…その代表的論者がイギリスのトーマス・マン(1571‐1641)である。彼は著書《外国貿易によるイングランドの財宝》(1664刊)において〈外国貿易は国王の偉大な歳入であり,わが王国の栄誉であり,貿易商人のりっぱな職業であり,わが国の貧民の仕事の供与者であり,わが国土の開発者であり,わが国の水夫の養成所である〉と述べている。フランスでもコルベール(1619‐83)のもとで保護貿易政策が推進された。…

【マン】より

…イギリスの重商主義理論家。イギリス東インド会社の重役で,同社が銀を大量に輸出することに対する批判にこたえて,《外国貿易によるイングランドの財宝》(1664)を著し,輸入された東インド物産が他国に再輸出されることで,同社がむしろイギリスの国際収支の改善に貢献していると主張。個別取引の差額を問題にする立場から全体としての収支を考える〈貿易差額〉論への重商主義理論の展開の契機となった。…

※「《外国貿易によるイングランドの財宝》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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