Congress Kingdom (English spelling: Kongresówka; Congress Kingdom)

Japanese: 会議王国 - かいぎおうこく（英語表記）Kongresówka; Congress Kingdom

The Kingdom of Poland (1815-1915) was established at the Congress of Vienna. After the failure of Napoleon I's invasion of Moscow in 1812, Poland was occupied by Russian troops, but as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Poland was divided again into three countries: Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The "Congress Kingdom of Poland" was established based on the territory of the Duchy of Warsaw, which had become Russian territory. Under the protection of the Russian Tsar, Poland was an autonomous state with its own constitution, parliament, and army, but after the defeat of the November Uprising in 1830 and the January Uprising in 1863, its autonomy was abolished, independence activists were exiled to Siberia or fled to Europe and the United States, and Polish culture was thoroughly suppressed. In 1864, it was renamed "Wisła Riverbank" and reorganized as Russian territory. Subsequently, cultural activities and the independence movement centered in Warsaw, as well as a nationwide labor movement that emerged with the development of mining and industry, all combined with the revolutionary movement of 1905-07, and in the course of World War I and the Russian Revolution, the Republic of Poland was established in 1918 based on this kingdom.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ウィーン会議で成立したポーランドの王国 (1815～1915) 。 1812年ナポレオン1世のモスクワ遠征が失敗すると，ポーランドの地はロシア軍の占領下におかれたが，15年のウィーン会議の結果，あらためてロシア，プロシア，オーストリア3国に分割され，そのうちロシア領となったワルシャワ公国の領域を基礎に「会議王国 (ポーランド王国) 」が創設された。ロシア皇帝の保護のもと，自治国家として独自の憲法，議会，軍隊などをもったが，30年の十一月蜂起と 63年の一月蜂起の敗北で自治権の廃止，独立運動家のシベリア流刑と欧米への亡命，ポーランド文化の徹底的な弾圧をみ，64年には「ウィスワ河岸地方」に改名されてロシア領に再編。その後，ワルシャワを中心に展開した文化活動，独立運動，それに鉱工業の発展に伴って台頭した全国的規模の労働運動は，1905～07年の革命運動とも結合し，第1次世界大戦とロシア革命の過程で，この王国を基盤に，18年ポーランド共和国が成立した。

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