Yellow Flame Cultivation - Kouenbai

Chinese politician and educator. His courtesy name was Renzhi. He was born in Chuansha, Jiangsu Province. After graduating from Nanyang Public School in Shanghai, he studied education in Japan. After the Xinhai Revolution, he served as the Director of Education of Jiangsu Province. In 1915, he visited the United States, and in 1917, he founded the China Vocational Education Society and became its chairman, advocating "jobs for the unemployed and joy for those with jobs." The following year, in 1918, he founded the China Vocational School and advocated "using the brain and hands together, and practicing with attention." During the Sino-Japanese War, he worked to defend democracy as a standing committee member of the National Assembly. In 1945, he visited Yan'an to form an alliance with the Kuomintang and Communist Party, and felt that the Chinese Communist Party's politics were "close to the ideal, seeking practical knowledge and engaging in practical work." His "Return to Yan'an" (1945) is an account of his experiences. After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, he served as Vice Premier of the Executive Council, Minister of Light Industry, and Chairman of the Democratic Construction National Assembly.

[Kazuyuki Fukasawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の政治家、教育家。字(あざな)は任之。江蘇(こうそ)省川沙(せんさ)の生まれ。上海(シャンハイ)南洋公学を卒業後、日本に留学して教育学を修める。辛亥(しんがい)革命後は、江蘇省教育司長などを務める。1915年アメリカ視察を行い、1917年「職なき者に職を、職ある者に楽しみを」と主張して、中華職業教育社を創設し董事(とうじ)長となる。翌1918年には中華職業学校を創立し、「手脳併用、注意実践」を提唱した。日中戦争中は、国民参政会常任委員として民主主義の擁護に努めた。1945年、国共提携のため延安(えんあん)を訪問し、中国共産党の政治を「実際知識を求め、実際工作に従事した、理想に近いもの」と感じた。『延安帰来』（1945）はその見聞記である。1949年の人民共和国成立後は、政務院副総理兼軽工業部長、民主建国会主任委員などを歴任した。

［深澤一幸］

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