It refers to the period during which the National Diet and local assemblies can effectively operate. The term of the National Diet is determined by law. There are regular sessions (regular Diet), extraordinary sessions (extraordinary Diet), and special sessions (special Diet). Regular sessions are held once a year (Constitution, Article 52), and are held regularly in January every year (National Diet Law, Article 2). The term of the session is set at 150 days (National Diet Law, Article 10). There is no set term for extraordinary sessions, and they are decided independently, with the general rule being that both Houses must reach a consensus. The term of the session is calculated from the date of convening (National Diet Law, Article 14). In some cases, by unanimous resolution of both Houses, the term of a session may be extended once for an ordinary session and twice for special and extraordinary sessions (National Diet Law, Article 12). The resolutions of the House of Representatives take precedence in deciding the term of a session and its extension (National Diet Law, Article 13). During a session, the Diet may not be ordered to suspend by imperial decree as was the case with the Imperial Diet, but each House or each House may voluntarily adjourn (Article 15 of the same law). According to the principle of non-continuation of a session, bills that cannot be passed within a session are discarded as items not yet discussed unless a resolution is passed to continue deliberation. Local assemblies hold regular and extraordinary sessions, and local assemblies themselves can set and extend the session (Article 102 of the Local Autonomy Law). [Masaaki Ikeda] [Reference items] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国会や地方議会が有効に活動しうる期間をいう。国会の会期は法律によって定められる。国会には常会(通常国会)、臨時会(臨時国会)、特別会(特別国会)があるが、常会は年1回(憲法52条)、定期的には毎年1月に開かれ(国会法2条)、その会期は150日間と定められている(同法10条)。臨時会などには期間の定めがなく、両議院の意見の一致を原則として、自主的に決定される。会期は召集日から起算される(同法14条)。場合により両議院一致の議決で、常会は1回、特別会・臨時会は2回に限り、会期の延長が認められる(同法12条)。会期の決定およびその延長については衆議院の議決が優先する(同法13条)。 会期中は、かつての帝国議会のときのように停会を勅令によって命じられることはないが、両議院あるいは各議院が自主的に休会することは認められる(同法15条)。同一会期内に成立しえなかった議案は、会期不継続の原則により、とくに継続審議の議決を得ない限り、審議未了案件として廃案となる。なお、地方議会には定例会、臨時会があり、地方議会自らが会期を定め、また延長する(地方自治法102条)。 [池田政章] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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