An ethnic group living in the north of Sumatra, Indonesia. The population is estimated at about 2.6 million. There is a significant interbreeding with Malays and Indians. Their language is a member of the Indonesian branch of the Austronesian language family. They make their living by cultivating rice and live in pile houses. They became Muslim in the 13th century, and rose to prominence through maritime trade in the 15th and 16th centuries, with feudal lords governing under the Sultan. In the 19th century, Acehnese society was stratified into royalty, nobility, peasants, religious groups, and slaves, but this has almost collapsed, and now the gap between rich and poor is significant, with the society divided into nobility and commoners. They once had a patrilineal clan organization, but gradually shifted to a bilateral system, marriage is by matrilineal residence, and women have a relatively high status. They practice the Shafi'i sect of Islam, and Islamic law is pervasive in society. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インドネシア,スマトラ島の北部に住む一民族。人口約 260万と推定される。マレー人,インド人との混血が著しい。言語はオーストロネシア語族のインドネシア語派に属する。稲作を生業とし,杭上家屋に居住する。 13世紀にイスラム教徒となり,15~16世紀頃,海上貿易によって勃興し,スルタンのもとに封建諸侯の統治が行われた。 19世紀のアチェ社会は,王族,貴族,農民,宗教集団,奴隷などに階層分化されていたが,これはほぼ崩壊し,現在では貧富の差が大きな意味をもち,貴族と平民とに分れる。かつては父系的な氏族組織をもっていたが,徐々に双系制に移行し,婚姻は妻方居住制をとり,女性の地位は比較的高い。イスラム教シャーフィイー派を信仰し,イスラム法が社会に浸透している。
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