Maritime Law

Japanese: 海法 - かいほう
Maritime Law

A general term for laws related to navigation. In the narrow sense, it refers to maritime law. Maritime law is broadly divided into international maritime law, public maritime law, and private maritime law. International maritime law is the law that applies to cases where national sovereignty conflicts, such as regulations on freedom of the seas and navigation, while public maritime law is mostly administrative legislation related to navigation, such as the Ship Act, Ship Safety Act, Act on Preventing Collisions at Sea, and Marine Accident Tribunal Act. Private maritime law refers to private law specific to navigation, many of which relate to commercial matters, and is called maritime law. Therefore, since maritime law makes up the majority of maritime law, when referring to maritime law in the narrow sense, it refers to maritime law.

Some say that the concept of maritime law is nothing more than a convenient general term for laws relating to the sea and therefore does not qualify as an independent academic field. However, based on the idea that legal research should be undertaken comprehensively in relation to the aspects of life that it is the subject of, some universities have established maritime law courses, integrating all laws relating to navigation into the subject of maritime law.

[Toda Shuzo]

[Reference] | Maritime Law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

航海に関する法規の総称。狭義には海商法をさす。海法は国際海法、海公法、海私法に大別される。国際海法は、海洋の自由、航海に関する規定のような、国権の抵触する場合に関する法規であり、海公法は、たとえば船舶法、船舶安全法、海上衝突予防法、海難審判法のような、航海に関する行政法規がその大部分を占める。海私法は、航海に固有な私法をさし、その多くは商事に関するものであって、これは海商法とよばれる。したがって海商法が海法の主要な部分を占めているところから、狭義において海法という場合には、海商法をさす。

 海法という概念は、海に関する法規の便宜的な総称にすぎないとして、独立の学問の対象にはならないとする説もあるが、法律学の研究はその対象となっている生活内容を総合的に行うべきであるとの考え方に基づいて、航海に関する法を総合して海法学の対象とし、海法講座を設けていた大学もある。

[戸田修三]

[参照項目] | 海商法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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