Pension system - Onkyusei

Japanese: 恩給制 - おんきゅうせい

A system in which a lord grants land to a servant as a reward for service, that is, as a favor, and is understood as a fundamental relationship in the feudal system along with the lord-vassal system, and is a concept in legal history. In Japan, it began in the Kamakura period when the shogun confirmed the position of land steward to vassals or appointed them as a reward. In the early modern period, the form of granting annuities for manorial positions disappeared with the collapse of the manorial system, and was replaced by land fiefdoms and a stipend system, but the stipend system was considered to be due to the lord's favor, and the idea remained unchanged throughout feudal society.

Source: Obunsha Japanese History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha Japanese History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

主君が従者に対して，奉公に対する反対給付，すなわち御恩として土地を給与する制度
主従制とともに封建制度の基本として把握される関係で，法制史上の概念。日本においては，鎌倉時代，御家人に対して，将軍が地頭職を安堵したり恩賞として補任したことに始まる。近世に至っては，荘園諸職を恩給する形式は荘園制の崩壊とともになくなり，代わって土地の知行が行われ，俸禄制へと移ったが，禄高を定められて知行を許されることも，主君の恩によるものと考えられていて，思想的には封建社会を通じて変わらなかった。

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