Auburn System - Auburn System

Japanese: オーバーン制 - おーばーんせい

…In Pennsylvania, the Western Penal Colony was opened in 1828, followed by the Eastern Penal Colony the following year, and the solitary confinement system was known as the Pennsylvania System (or Philadelphia System) and attracted the attention of other states. In New York, Newgate Prison was opened in 1797 and Auburn Prison in 1816, and they implemented a system that included strict solitary confinement, but this did not work, so in 1824 they implemented a system known as the Auburn System, in which prisoners worked together during the day under a silent rule and were confined to prison at night. The merits of these two systems were debated for several years, but in the United States, the Auburn System, which was able to meet the demands of industrial capital through a contract system (renting prison labor), won out, and strict solitary confinement was abandoned in Pennsylvania by the mid-19th century. …

From [Prison]

…In the early days, confinement in a cell was considered absolute, based on a surveillance system to prevent escape accidents, but after a dispute in the United States between the Pennsylvania system (strict solitary confinement. The East Penitentiary of Philadelphia is famous) and the Auburn system (silent communal work during the day. Implemented in Auburn Prison in New York since 1824), solitary confinement became the norm in Europe, while the Auburn system spread in the United States. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "Auburn System" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ペンシルベニアでも1818年のものにつづいて28年に西懲治監，翌年に東懲治監が開設され，その独房方式はペンシルベニア制(ないしフィラデルフィア制)として他州の注目をひいた。ニューヨークでも1797年にニューゲート刑務所，1816年にはオーバーン刑務所を開設し，厳正独居を含む体制を実施したがうまくいかず，24年にオーバーン制として知られる，昼間は雑居で沈黙制の下に作業，夜間は独居の体制を実施した。この二つの方式の優劣は数年にわたって争われたが，アメリカ合衆国では産業資本の要請に対して請負制(囚人労働力の賃貸)でこたえることのできたオーバーン制が勝利を占め，ペンシルベニア州でも19世紀半ばには厳正独居はすてられた。…

【刑務所】より

…初期には，逃走事故防止のための監視体制を基本に居房内拘禁が絶対視されたが，アメリカ合衆国におけるペンシルベニア制(厳正独居。フィラデルフィア東懲治監が有名)とオーバーン制(昼間は沈黙下での共同作業。ニューヨークのオーバーン刑務所で1824年から実施)との争いを経て，ヨーロッパでは独居拘禁が主流を占め，アメリカ合衆国ではオーバーン制が広がった。…

※「オーバーン制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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