A culture from the early Neolithic period in Southeast Asia. In the 1920s, the French researchers Manchu and Kolani investigated numerous cave and rock shelter ruins in the Bac Son Mountains northeast of Hanoi, Vietnam, and clarified the outline of this culture. After independence (1976), Vietnamese archaeologists have also conducted investigations. Many of the caves contain layers of food remains, such as freshwater shellfish and animal bones. A distinctive relic is a flat stone axe that has been chipped from the surrounding area and the tip ground to give it a blade, and is called the Bac Son type stone axe or proto-Neolithic. There are also many "groove stones" that bear traces of having been used to grind the tips of halved bamboo or tubular bones. There are also chipped pebble tools, concave stones, whetstones, and simple bone and horn tools. Pottery is generally not found, but crude pottery is found at the Da Boot shell mound, which has stone tools similar to those of this culture. Some ruins in the Bac Son Mountains also have a full-fledged Neolithic cultural layer in the upper layers, but this should not be considered as part of the Bac Son culture. [Keiji Imamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
東南アジア新石器時代前期の文化。ベトナムのハノイ北東のバクソン山地で1920年代にフランスのマンシュイ、コラニらが多数の洞窟(どうくつ)、岩陰(いわかげ)遺跡を調査し、この文化の概要を明らかにした。独立(1976)後はベトナム考古学者による調査も行われている。洞窟内には食料遺残である淡水産貝類や獣骨の層を伴うものが多い。特徴的な遺物は、扁平(へんぺい)な礫(れき)を周囲から打ち欠き、先端を磨いて刃をつけたもので、バクソン型石斧(せきふ)または原新石器とよばれている。半割した竹か管骨(かんこつ)の先端を磨くのに用いられたと思われる跡が残る「溝石(みぞいし)」も多い。ほかに打製だけの礫器、凹石(くぼみいし)、砥石(といし)、単純な形の骨角器もある。土器は一般に伴出しないが、この文化に近似した石器を有するダ・ブート貝塚では粗雑な土器を伴っている。バクソン山地の遺跡でも上層に本格的な新石器時代の文化層が存在するものがあるが、これはバクソン文化からは除外すべきものである。 [今村啓爾] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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