Oniwayaki

During the Edo period, rulers and wealthy people built kilns in their own gardens to produce pottery. These kilns were called garden ware and were respectfully referred to as Sekai Oniwa ware. During the Momoyama period, domestically produced ceramics were highly evaluated as artistic objects, in stark contrast to the Middle Ages, and were recognized as high-quality tableware. Taking advantage of this trend, cultural figures began to produce their own pottery. Oniwa ware can be broadly divided into two types. One was a hobby kiln where the person made the pottery themselves, and the other was a kiln with a production organization of craftsmen to adjust the quality. An early example of Oniwa ware is Juraku ware, which was established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at Jurakudai in Kyoto during the latter half of the Tensho period in the early Momoyama period. It then spread to all classes during the Edo period, reaching its peak at the end of the Edo period.

[Yoshiaki Yabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代に支配者や富裕な人々が自ら庭に窯(かま)を築いて製陶を行ったが、その窯を庭焼と称し、敬って世上御庭焼とよばれていた。桃山時代には、中世までとは打って変わって国産の陶磁器が高い美術的評価を受けることになり、高級な飲食器としての認知がなされた。この動きに乗じて文化人たちは自ら製陶を行うようになった。御庭焼は大きく二つに大別される。一つは自ら作陶を行う趣味の窯、いま一つは調度を調えるため、職人の生産組織をもった窯である。御庭焼の早い例として、桃山前期の天正(てんしょう)年間後半に豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉が京都聚楽第(じゅらくだい)に設けた聚楽焼があげられ、その後、江戸時代にはあらゆる階層に波及し、幕末に至って絶頂を迎えることとなった。

［矢部良明］

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