Marsilio Ficino

Japanese: フィチーノ - ふぃちーの(英語表記)Marsilio Ficino
Marsilio Ficino

Italian Renaissance philosopher. Born near Florence. His father wanted him to study medicine, but Cosimo de' Medici, who was passionate about Plato, saw his potential. After studying Greek, he began translating Plato's Dialogues into Italian in 1462, completing it in 1477. Along with annotating the translation, he also finished translating Plotinus' Enneads in 1486. ​​As a central figure in Plato's Academy, he is even called the "second Plato."

While the scholastics and Averroists of the time were preoccupied with debates over Aristotle's natural science, he pursued true religiosity according to the Platonic tradition. He believed that pia philosophia (pious philosophy) based on divine revelation was found in the flow of a theological tradition that stretched from Hermes Trismegistus to Plato, then Neoplatonism, and on to the Church Fathers and medieval thinkers. However, he also believed that religion should be doctora pietas (learned faith) supported by philosophical authority. In his major works, Platonic Theology Concerning the Immortality of the Soul (written 1469-1474, published in 1482) and On the Christian Religion (1474), he attempted to reconstruct Christian theology on the basis of Platonic philosophy. He developed theories on God, the universe, the human soul, and so on that combined Neoplatonism and Christianity.

[Keiji Otani January 20, 2015]

[References] | Cosimo de' Medici | Neoplatonic School | Hermes Trismegistus

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア・ルネサンス期の哲学者。フィレンツェの近くに生まれる。父親は医学を学ぶことを希望したが、プラトン研究に熱意をもつコジモ・デ・メディチに見込まれる。ギリシア語を学んだあと、1462年にプラトンの「対話篇(へん)」のイタリア語訳に着手して、1477年に完成、その注釈のかたわら、プロティノスの『エンネアデス』の翻訳も1486年に終えている。プラトン・アカデメイアの中心人物として、「第二のプラトン」とまでよばれている。

 当時のスコラ学者、アベロエス主義者などがアリストテレスの自然学をめぐる論争に終始しているのに対し、プラトン的伝統に従って真の宗教性を追究した。ヘルメス・トリスメギストスからプラトンに至り、さらに新プラトン主義を経て、教父や中世の思想家へと通じる一つの神学的伝統の流れのなかに、神の啓示に基づいたピア・フィロソフィア(敬虔(けいけん)の哲学)があるとする一方、宗教は哲学的権威によって支えられたドクタ・ピエタス(学識ある信仰)でなければならないという要請から、プラトン的哲学の基礎のうえに、キリスト教神学を再建しようとするのが、主著ともいうべき『魂の不死に関するプラトン神学』(1469~1474執筆、1482刊)や『キリスト教について』(1474)の内容となっている。神、宇宙、人間の霊魂などに関して、とくに新プラトン主義とキリスト教を融合させた理論を展開している。

[大谷啓治 2015年1月20日]

[参照項目] | コジモ・デ・メディチ | 新プラトン学派 | ヘルメス・トリスメギストス

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