Karazaike - Karazaike

Japanese: 柄在家 - からざいけ

(1) A class of farmers in the early modern period. They were found in Kii, Totomi and the Amagasaki domain in Settsu. In the Amagasaki domain, a single family of government officials who had paid taxes and labor duties in the early modern period fell into poverty and became laborers who were called 'Ezaike'. (2) The name of taxes in the early modern Tosa domain. Usually called 'Tanyaku', a tax of three people was levied per tan of rice field in spring for the repair of waterways, but from 1822 (Bunsei 5) it was also levied on new rice fields. In emergency cases, rice was provided. When it came to construction, there were cases where it was managed by the magistrate or the magistrate, and cases where it was left to the village, called 'jiuke'.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

(1)近世農民の一階層。紀伊，遠江また摂津尼崎藩にみられた。尼崎藩では近世初期に年貢，夫役を負担した一軒前の役家が，貧窮により没落し，揚り役百姓になったが，これを柄在家とよんだ。(2)近世土佐藩における課役の名称。通常田役とよばれ，水路補修のため，本田1反につき春3人ずつの課役を徴するものであるが，1822年(文政5)より新田にも課せられた。また臨時の場合には飯米を給した。普請にあたっては，代官，奉行が経営する場合と地請けといって村落に任される場合があった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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