Automatism - automatisme (French)

Japanese: オートマティスム - おーとまてぃすむ(英語表記)automatisme フランス語
Automatism - automatisme (French)

It is one of the important methods of expressing the subconscious world and the workings of thought in Surrealist paintings and poetry, and is translated as automatic writing. Poet André Breton defined Surrealism as "the pure automatism of the mind, through which the true workings of thought are expressed by speech, writing, or in any other way." Automatic writing refers to the unconscious creative process that is not bound by preconceived ideas or reason. In Surrealism, which sought to reveal a visual world that does not exist in reality, it was considered important in conjunction with Freud's theory. In his Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, Breton advocated that true thinking, free from all aesthetic and moral preconceptions, is developed in poetry and paintings created unconsciously. Dada artists such as Arp had already attempted this, but Surrealist artists such as Max Ernst, André Masson, and Joan Miro produced works that exemplify this theory, using unique techniques such as collage and decalcomania. Action painting and Art Informel painting after World War II can also be considered to have been developed based on this.

[Shigeo Chiba]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シュルレアリスムの絵画や詩で意識下の世界や思考の働きを表現する重要な手法の一つで、自動記述法と訳される。詩人アンドレ・ブルトンはシュルレアリスムを、「心の純粋な自動現象であり、それを通して、話すこと、書くこと、あるいは他のあらゆるやり方によって、思考の真の働きを表現しようとするものである」と定義しており、自動記述とは、なんらかの既成概念や理性などにとらわれることなく無意識のうちに行われる創造作用をさす。現実にはありえない視覚の世界を開示しようとしたシュルレアリスムにおいて、フロイトの理論と結び付いて重要視された。ブルトンは1924年のシュルレアリスム宣言のなかで、無意識のうちにつくりだされた詩や絵画にこそ、美学的、道徳的ないっさいの先入観を離れた真の思考が展開されることを唱えた。すでにアルプなどダダの作家も試みていたが、シュルレアリストではマックス・エルンスト、アンドレ・マッソン、ホアン・ミロらが、コラージュやデカルコマニーといった独特な手法のもとに、この理論の例証となる作品を制作した。第二次世界大戦後のアクション・ペインティングやアンフォルメルの絵画も、これを踏まえて展開されたものと考えることができる。

[千葉成夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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