Extrusion (modern history) - Oshidashi

Japanese: 押出し（近代史） - おしだし

...The anti-mining pollution movement temporarily took a back seat due to this settlement and the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, but in September 1896, an unprecedented flood occurred, and the damage from mining pollution spread from Tochigi and Gunma prefectures to Ibaraki, Saitama, and even Tokyo and Chiba. As a result, Tanaka Shozo and others, centering on mayors and volunteer activists in the affected areas, reorganized and strengthened the anti-mining pollution movement, establishing it as the "anti-government mining suspension movement." In March 1897, several thousand farmers made two "oshidashi (petition movement in large numbers)" trips to Tokyo, petitioning the government directly, and the mining pollution problem became a major social issue. The government established the First Mining Pollution Investigation Committee, ordered Furukawa to carry out construction work to prevent mining pollution (after which, although insufficient, it became mandatory for mines nationwide to install mine pollution prevention facilities), and in the following year of 1898, farmers were given a reduction or exemption from land taxes. ...

From [Shozo Tanaka]

...At the second assembly in December 1901, he asked the first question about the Ashio Copper Mine pollution problem, while also sharply criticizing the clan-based government in both domestic and foreign affairs, including the Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company problem. As the damage from the mining pollution spread and intensified after the Sino-Japanese War, he launched a political struggle by combining the "pushing out" of affected farmers (a petition movement to Tokyo in large numbers) with assembly activities. In order to revitalize the anti-mining pollution movement, which had declined due to the severe government crackdown in 1901 (the Kawamata Incident), he resigned from his assembly seat and appealed directly to the Emperor on December 10th (he asked Kotoku Shusui to write the letter of appeal). ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "extrusion (modern history)" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この示談工作と日清戦争の勃発により鉱毒反対運動は一時後退するが，96年9月未曾有の大洪水が発生し，鉱毒被害は栃木，群馬の2県から茨城，埼玉，さらには東京，千葉にも拡大したため，田中正造らは被害地の町村長や有志活動家を中心に鉱毒反対運動を再編強化し，〈対政府鉱業停止運動〉として確立させた。97年3月数千の農民が2回にわたって東京に〈押出し(大挙上京請願運動)〉をはかり，政府に直接請願を行い，鉱毒問題は一大社会問題となった。政府は第1次鉱毒調査委員会を設置し，古河に鉱毒予防工事命令を下し(以後，全国の鉱山に不十分ながら鉱毒予防施設の設置が義務づけられた)，農民には翌98年に地租の減免措置をとった。…

【田中正造】より

…91年12月の第2議会で最初の足尾鉱毒問題についての質問を行う一方，北海道炭礦鉄道会社問題など内政，外交両面にわたり藩閥政府を痛烈に批判。日清戦争後鉱毒被害の拡大，激化にともない，被害農民の〈押出し〉(大挙上京請願運動)と議会活動とを結合して政治闘争を展開。1901年権力の大弾圧(川俣事件)によって退潮した鉱毒反対運動を活性化するため，議員を辞職し12月10日天皇に直訴(直訴状の執筆は幸徳秋水に依頼)。…

※「押出し（近代史）」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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