...However, these arts lost the opportunity to move up the social ladder, as did Noh and Kyogen, and in the early modern period, most of the people who practiced these arts were relegated to a discriminated class, so the former traveling performers came to be regarded as beggars. The last type of beggar includes mountain people who were mainly involved in winnowing and making reeds, wandering fishermen called Oge, and field blacksmiths. In their case, too, it is likely that as cities developed from the Middle Ages to the early modern period, merchants who failed to settle in the cities were left as beggars for a long time. ... From [Yamaboshi]...They were a small, nomadic group whose lives were based in the mountainous regions of Japan, but became unknown around the time of World War II. The Sanka have also been written as Sanka, Yamaga, or Yamaya, but are commonly called Pon, Noai, Oge, or Yamamon, and are seen as heretical, especially by the people living in the plains. Although the reality of their life has not been fully grasped, the only folklore research to date is by Kunio Yanagita, "Itaka" and "Sanka" ("Anthropological Journal," Vol. 27, No. 6, No. 8, Vol. 28, No. 2). *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Oge" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかしこれら祝福芸がたとえば能や狂言などのように社会の上層に上昇転化するきっかけを失い,また近世に入ってからは,これらの芸をになった人々のほとんどが,差別視された身分におとしめられるにつれ,かつての巡遊芸人たちもこじきと同様にみなされるに至ったのである。 また最後のタイプのこじきにはたとえば,おもに箕(み)なおし,筬(おさ)作りなどにたずさわったといわれる山窩(さんか),オゲと呼ばれる漂泊漁民,野鍛冶などがあたる。彼らの場合も,中世から近世にかけて都市が発達してゆく過程で,そこに定着することに失敗した職種の商人たちが,のちのちまでこじきとして残されてしまったのであろう。… 【山窩】より…日本の山間部を生活の基盤とした,漂泊性の強い少数集団であったが,第2次大戦あたりを境にして不明となった。サンカは散家,山稼,山家などとも書かれてきたが,民間ではポン,ノアイ,オゲ,ヤマモンなどと呼んでおり,とくに平地の住民からは異端的に見られていた。その生活の実体は十分につかめてはいないが,現在までによるべき民俗学的研究は,柳田国男《“イタカ”及び“サンカ”》(《人類学雑誌》第27巻第6号,第8号,第28巻第2号。… ※「オゲ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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