Letter of Order - Osei dasaresho

Japanese: 被仰出書 - おおせいだされしょ

…Thus, it was drafted in a very short time and enacted with the conflicts within the government. The day before the promulgation of the school system, the Dajokan Proclamation (also called the Preface to the School System or the Order on the Promotion of Education) was issued, explaining its purpose, rejecting feudal education, setting the direct goal of individual advancement, controlling one's income and career, and presenting a modern educational philosophy that is equal for all four classes and also targets women. The plan was to divide the entire country into large, medium and small school districts that were different from the general administrative divisions, and to establish schools in each district (8 universities, 256 middle schools, 53,760 elementary schools). Elementary schools were to be enrolled at age 6 and would be four years in each of the upper and lower classes, while middle schools were to be enrolled at age 14 and would be three years in each of the upper and lower classes. The school system was to include universities, normal schools and vocational schools, and the content of education was to be modeled on Western education. …

From 【School】

…
[Transition to modern schools]
Japan's modern schools began with the promulgation of the "School System" in 1872 (Meiji 5). The "Osei dasareshiyo" (Dajokan Proclamation) issued at the time of the promulgation of the "School System" stated that although schools had been established for a long time, they had been going in the wrong direction, and that from now on, education should not only be limited to the nobility and samurai, but also to farmers, artisans, merchants, and women and girls. Of particular importance was the emphasis on elementary school education, stating that although advanced learning would be left to the talent of the individual, "it is the parents' fault if they do not allow young children, regardless of gender, to study elementary school."

From the Imperial Teachings

…Motoda countered from the standpoint of unity of religion and politics, and the Imperial Decree was issued. The Imperial Decree was the first intervention in public education, and marked a major shift from the policy of the "Osei-dasareshiyo" (request for education) that emphasized the individual's advancement, governance, and career development. Based on this policy, textbook control and moral education began the following year. [Yamazumi Masami] …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "Ordered Letter" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このように，きわめて短時日のうちに起草され，政府部内での対立を含んだままで制定されたのである。学制公布の前日にその趣旨を説明した太政官布告(学制序文，学事奨励に関する被仰出書ともいう)が発せられ，封建教学を否定し，個人の立身治産昌業を直接の目的とし，四民平等で女性をも対象とした近代的教育理念が示された。全国を一般行政区画とは異なる大，中，小の学区に区分し，各学区に学校を設立する計画(8大学，256中学校，5万3760小学校)であり，小学校は満6歳入学で上下2等各4年，中学校は14歳入学で上下2等各3年とし，これに大学･師範学校･専門学校を加えた学校体系を示し，その教育内容は欧米教育に範をとるものであった。…

【学校】より

…
［近代学校への移行］
　日本の近代学校は1872年(明治5)の〈学制〉公布に始まる。この〈学制〉公布にあたって出された〈被仰出書（おおせいだされしよ）〉(太政官布告)では，学校が設けられて久しいが，その方向を誤っていたとして，今後は華･士族に限らず，農工商および婦女子も学問をすべきであるとした。とくに重要なのは高度の学問は当人の才能に任せるが，〈幼童の子弟は男女の別なく小学に従事せしめざるものは其父兄の越度たるべき事〉というように，小学校教育を重視していたことである。…

【教学聖旨】より

…元田はこれに対し祭政一致の立場から反論し，この聖旨は下された。聖旨は公教育への最初の介入であり，個人の立身･治産･昌業を重視した学制公布にあたっての〈被仰出書（おおせいだされしよ）〉の方針からの大きな転換を示すものであり，翌年からこの方針にもとづき教科書統制や道徳教育の教化が始まる。【山住正己】。…

※「被仰出書」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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