An evergreen fern of the Azollaceae family. Its leaves turn red in winter. It is found in rice fields and ponds in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. There are six species of Azollaceae known worldwide, but only two species are found in Japan: this species and Azolla kaempfera, which is found west of Shizuoka Prefecture. As the name suggests, it is a floating fern, with leaves that grow alternately in two rows and split into two parts, one above the other. The upper part floats on the water surface and performs photosynthesis, but there is a hole on the surface that is in contact with the water, inside which Anabaena, a type of blue-green algae that fixes free nitrogen, lives symbiotically. The lower lobe is thin and submerged in water. It is a fern that produces heterospores, and the female sporangiocarp contains one megasporangium containing one megaspore. The male sporangiocarp contains many microsporangia containing several globular bodies that are made up of many microspores. In winter, the fern turns an azuki bean color, which is due to the formation of anthocyanin pigments, just like the autumn leaves of maples. The sight of this fern densely covering the water's surface and turning a red color is beautiful, and its Chinese name, "Manjianghua" (Manjianghong), is fitting. This species of Azolla is disliked in Japan as a paddy field weed that gets in the way of rice cultivation, but in China and Southeast Asia it is considered a good green manure for rice cultivation. In countries such as Vietnam, Azolla is used as feed for ducks and other animals. It is also used as a medicinal herb; in China it is said to have diuretic and sweating properties, and the Maori of New Zealand chew this fern to relieve sore throats. [Kurita Koro] ©Junzo Fujishima "> Main types of ferns (4) [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アカウキクサ科の常緑性シダ。冬季は紅葉する。本州、四国、九州の水田や池沼に分布。アカウキクサ科の植物は全世界で6種が知られるが、日本にはこの種と静岡県以西にみられるアカウキクサの2種が分布するのみである。名が示すように浮遊性のシダで、葉は2列に互生し、上下2片に裂ける。上片は水面に浮かび光合成を行うが、水に接した面には穴があり、この中に、遊離窒素を固定する藍藻(らんそう)の1種であるアナベナが共生している。下裂片は薄く、水中に没している。異型胞子をつくるシダで、雌性の胞子嚢果(ほうしのうか)には、1個の大胞子を入れた大胞子嚢が一つ含まれている。雄性の胞子嚢果には、多数の小胞子が集まった球状体を数個入れた小胞子嚢が、数多く含まれている。冬季になると小豆(あずき)色に紅葉するが、これはカエデ類の紅葉と同様にアントシアン系の色素が形成されるためである。水面をびっしりと覆ったこのシダが赤く色づいたようすは美しく、「満江紅(マンチヤンホア)」という中国名が似つかわしい。このアカウキクサ類は、稲作の妨げになる水田雑草として日本では嫌われているが、中国や東南アジアでは良質の稲作用緑肥と考えられている。ベトナムなどではアカウキクサをアヒルなどの飼料としている。薬草としても利用され、中国では利尿、発汗の作用があるとされ、ニュージーランドのマオリ人はのどの痛み止めにこのシダを噛(か)むという。 [栗田子郎] ©藤島淳三"> シダ植物のおもな種類(4)〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Dendrocopos leucotos; white-backed woodpecker
>>: Large blue-spotted grouper - Large blue-spotted grouper
A perennial plant of the Umbelliferae family, also...
Optical Stabilizer. The name of Sigma's lens-s...
...The Japanese name comes from the fact that it ...
The capital of the province of Gelderland in the e...
〘 noun 〙 A type of ruled line used in printing. A ...
Born: February 11, 1839 in New Haven, Connecticut ...
A marine fish of the order Siluriformes and family...
They are a group that live in the central plateau...
An educational institution that specializes in pr...
...Its maximum and minimum luminosity are not yet...
A village in Kitasaitama County in northern Saitam...
A term that has recently come into use in Japanese...
…When a company makes a new investment, this is t...
A civil war in which Emperor Gotoba raised an arm...
An extinct plant belonging to the family Osmundae ...