Agreement on the prosecution and punishment of major war criminals of the European Axis Powers

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The Allied Powers, which won World War II, had repeatedly stated that one of the war aims was to punish atrocities committed in German occupied territories. In particular, in the Moscow Declaration of November 1943, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union mentioned the issue of pursuing those primarily responsible for "crimes that are difficult to localize." After Germany's unconditional surrender, at the London Conference held from June to August 1945, representatives of the four countries, including France, signed the "Agreement on the Punishment of the Prosecution of Principal War Criminals of the European Axis Powers" and agreed to hold trials based on the Charter of the International Military Tribunal, which was part of the agreement. Nineteen Allied powers subsequently joined the agreement, and indictments were submitted in the name of a total of 23 countries.

*The following is a partial explanation of the terminology used in the "Agreement on the Prosecution and Punishment of Major War Criminals of the Axis Powers in Europe."

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

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［経過］
　第2次大戦の戦勝国となった連合国側はすでに大戦中から，ドイツ軍の占領地における残虐行為等の処罰を戦争目的の一つとする旨をしばしば声明し，とくに1943年11月のモスクワ宣言で，アメリカ，イギリス，ソ連の3国は〈地域的に限定し難い犯罪〉の主要な責任者の追及問題に触れていた。ドイツの無条件降伏後，45年6月から8月にかけて開かれたロンドン会議で，これにフランスを加えた4国の代表は〈欧州枢軸諸国の主要戦争犯罪人の訴追の処罰に関する協定〉に署名し，同協定の一部をなす国際軍事裁判所条例に基づいて，裁判を行うことに合意した。なお同協定にはその後19の連合国が加入し，計23ヵ国の名において起訴状が提出されることになった。…

※「欧州枢軸諸国の主要戦争犯罪人の訴追の処罰に関する協定」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報