Oanhanzeirei - Oanhanzeirei

Japanese: 応安半済令 - おうあんはんぜいれい

...During the Kenmu Restoration after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, Emperor Godaigo collected 1/20 of the annual tax from the fields under the control of the jito, and tried to enforce this more stringently but failed.The unification of the domains progressed further amid the turmoil of the Northern and Southern Courts period, but the manor officials of Honjo Ichienchi were also caught up in the wars, and the power of the shugo vassals spread throughout the manor through their secluded territories.Furthermore, half-tax recipients were allowed to enter the domain through half-tax payments, and the main domain was greatly encroached upon. In response to the backlash from the temples and shrines, the Muromachi Shogunate issued the so-called Oan Hanzei Rei (Oan no Daiho) in 1368 (Shohei 23, Oan 1), suspending the hanzei for the Emperor and the Imperial Court's ryos, the regent's land, and the Buddhist and Shinto land of temples and shrines, and made the protection of the Buddhist and Shinto land especially clear. It also extended the hanzei to the general main land and labor grant land, further solidifying the unification, and established a system of imposing military service through the shugo for the samurai land such as the Jito position. This stabilized the division of the land of the Emperor and the regent's land, temples and shrines (Buddhist and Shinto land), general court noble land, and samurai land, but only a small part of the eastern provinces were expropriated with the manors of the western provinces, and by the end of the turmoil, only a few Ise Shrine land was left, and the land was dominated by the powerful temples and shrines land of Kamakura and the eastern provinces, and the Buddhist and Shinto land of samurai.

From [Half-paid]

... In 68 (Shohei 23, Oan 1), the shogunate's half-tax policy was established. This Oan half-tax order had the following contents. First, it listed the areas excluded from the half-tax system as the Imperial Palace Sento Estate, the Ien Buddhist and Shinto territories of temples and shrines, the Tenka Watari territories (approximately 150 estates of wealthy clans including the Kangakuin territories), the Honjo Ien domains that had existed since Ashikaga Yoshiakira, and the land stewards under the domains of Getsuki Unkaku (kugyo and nobility), thus partially guaranteeing the manor system. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Oanhansei Rei" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…鎌倉幕府滅亡後の建武新政で，後醍醐天皇は地頭支配下の田地の年貢の20分の1を徴収，これをさらに徹底しようとするが失敗，南北朝動乱の中で一円領化はさらに進行するが，本所一円地の荘官も戦乱にまきこまれ，その闕所（けつしよ）地を通して守護被官の力が荘内に浸透し，さらに半済によって半済給人が入部するなど，本所領は大きく侵害されるにいたった。これに対する寺社本所側の反発にも対応して，室町幕府は1368年(正平23∥応安1)いわゆる応安半済令(応安の大法)を発し，天皇や院の料所，摂関家領，寺社一円の仏神領については半済を停止，とくに仏神領の保護を明確にするとともに，一般の本所領や人給領については半済を下地まで及ぼして(半済方)一円化をさらに徹底させ，地頭職など武家領に対しては守護を通じて軍役を賦課する体制を整えた。これによって天皇家･摂関家領および寺社領(仏神領)，一般公家領，武家領の区分が一応安定したが，東国についてはごく一部が西国の荘園と相博（そうはく）されたにとどまり，動乱の終わるころには上分のみの伊勢神宮領などがわずかにみられるのみで，鎌倉や東国諸国の有力な寺社領と武家一円領で占められるようになった。…

【半済】より

…　68年(正平23∥応安1)に至り幕府の半済政策は確立する。この応安半済令は以下のような内容をもっていた。まず半済除外地として禁裏仙洞御料所，寺社一円仏神領，殿下渡領(勧学院領以下約150ヵ所の氏長者渡荘)，および足利義詮以来の本所一円知行地，月卿雲客（げつけいうんかく）(公卿と殿上人)知行下の地頭職などを掲げ，部分的に荘園制を保障する。…

※「応安半済令」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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