ATG - Atty G

Japanese: ATG - えーてぃーじー
ATG - Atty G

A film production and distribution company. Its official name is the Japan Art Theatre Guild, commonly known as ATG. Influenced by the Western art theatre movement of the 1950s, Kawakita Kashiko of Towa Films and others formed the Japan Art Theatre Movement, which was its predecessor. With the support of Mori Iwao of Toho, ATG was established in 1961 (Showa 36) as a film distribution company with the aim of screening artistic foreign films that were not commercially viable at art film cinemas. ATG member cinemas include Shinjuku Bunka and Nichigeki Bunka in Tokyo, and Kitano Cinema in Osaka. The first screening of a Polish film was in 1962, and ATG has since distributed and screened mainly foreign films selected by a film selection committee, including French New Wave films, Bergman, Fellini, and Satyajit Ray (Rai). In 1967, the company began producing Japanese films through its "10 Million Yen Films" project in partnership with independent production companies, and produced many films, including "Diary of a Shinjuku Thief" (1969) by Oshima Nagisa, who came from Shochiku, "Shinjuku Ten no Amijima" (1969) by Shinoda Masahiro, "Rengoku Eroica" (1970) by Yoshida Yoshishige, "First Love: Hell" (1968) by Hani Susumu, who came from the documentary film industry, and "Hell" (1970) by Matsumoto Toshio (1932-2017).
ATG produced avant-garde art works and ambitious youth films such as Funeral Procession of Roses (1969) by Hiroaki Ikeda, The Assassination of Ryoma (1974) by Kazuo Kuroki, and The Killer of Youth (1976) by Kazuhiko Hasegawa (1946-). Although ATG films were criticized for being difficult to understand, they were supported by young people during the student movement and created an era by forming the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s. ATG also provided a venue for the presentation of films by writer Yukio Mishima, theater actor Shuji Terayama, and television personality Akio Jissouji (1937-2006), and created a new environment for film appreciation by publishing the journal Art Theater, which included screenplays and critiques, and adopting innovative poster designs. From the second half of the 1970s, the studio began to shift to a more entertaining line of youth films, casting young actors from independent films, romantic porn, and pink films such as Omori Kazuki's (1952- ) Hippocrates (1980), Negishi Kichitaro's (1950- ) Distant Thunder (1981), Obayashi Nobuhiko's (1938-2020) Transfer Student (1981), and Morita Yoshimitsu's (1950-2011) Family Game (1983).In the 1980s, the studio also distributed works by Itami Jūzō, Sōmai Shinji, and Suzuki Seijun, who had left the studio. ATG, whose films were selected as top ten films every year and which was also a pioneer of independent cinema screenings, left a huge mark on youth culture with cutting-edge artistic works that took advantage of low budgets and produced highly auteur and politically-driven projects. However, due to financial difficulties, the company ceased operations after distributing "Bokutoukidan" directed by Shindo Kaneto in 1992 (Heisei 4).

[Chihiro Sato]

"Reading ATG Films - An Archive of Masterpieces Beginning in the 1960s" edited by Sato Tadao (1991, Film Art Publishing)""ATG Editorial Notes - Recollections of Filmmakers" by Taga Shosuke (1995, Heibonsha) " ▽ "ATG Films + Shinjuku" by Ushida Ayami (2007, D Literature Research Group, Seiunsha Publishing)""Testament: Art Theater Shinjuku Culture" by Kuzui Kinshiro and Hirasawa Tsuyoshi (2008, Kawade Shobo Shinsha)"

[References] | Itami Juzo | Oshima Nagisa | Shinoda Masahiro | Shindo Kaneto | Suzuki Seijun | Soma Shinji |Terayama Shuji | Nouvelle Vague | Hani Susumu | Fellini | Ray

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

映画の製作・配給会社。正称は株式会社日本アート・シアター・ギルド、通称ATG。1950年代の欧米のアート・シアター運動の影響を受け、東和映画の川喜多(かわきた)かしこらが結成した「日本アート・シアター運動の会」を前身に、東宝の森岩雄(もりいわお)の支援のもと、1961年(昭和36)、芸術映画の専門映画館で商業ベースにのらない芸術的な外国映画の上映を目的とする映画配給会社として設立された。ATG加盟館は東京の新宿文化や日劇文化、大阪の北野シネマなど全国10館で、1962年にポーランド映画を第1回上映し、作品選定委員会によって選ばれたおもに外国映画、フランスのヌーベル・バーグ、ベルイマン、フェリーニ、サタジット・レイ(ライ)などを配給・上映した。1967年から独立プロと提携する「1000万円映画」によって日本映画の製作を始め、松竹出身の大島渚(おおしまなぎさ)による『新宿泥棒日記』(1969)や篠田正浩(しのだまさひろ)の『心中天網島(しんじゅうてんのあみじま)』(1969)や吉田喜重(よしだよししげ)の『煉獄(れんごく)エロイカ』(1970)、記録映画出身の羽仁進(はにすすむ)による『初恋・地獄篇(へん)』(1968)や松本俊夫(まつもととしお)(1932―2017
)の『薔薇(ばら)の葬列』(1969)や黒木和雄(くろきかずお)の『竜馬暗殺』(1974)、長谷川和彦(はせがわかずひこ)(1946― )の『青春の殺人者』(1976)といった前衛的な芸術作品、野心的な青春映画を世に送った。ATG映画は難解さを指摘されたが、学生運動期の若者から支持され、1960年代と1970年代のカウンターカルチャーを形成して一時代を築いた。また、作家の三島由紀夫(みしまゆきお)、演劇の寺山修司(てらやましゅうじ)、テレビの実相寺昭雄(じっそうじあきお)(1937―2006)など異分野にも映画発表の場を提供し、シナリオや評論が掲載された機関誌「アートシアター」を発行し、斬新なポスターデザインを採用するなど新しい映画鑑賞の環境をつくった。1970年代後半からは娯楽性を加えた青春映画路線となり、大森一樹(おおもりかずき)(1952― )の『ヒポクラテスたち』(1980)、根岸吉太郎(ねぎしきちたろう)(1950― )の『遠雷』(1981)、大林宣彦(おおばやしのぶひこ)(1938―2020)の『転校生』(1981)、森田芳光(もりたよしみつ)(1950―2011)の『家族ゲーム』(1983)など自主映画、ロマン・ポルノ、ピンク映画の若手を起用し、1980年代には伊丹十三(いたみじゅうぞう)や相米慎二(そうまいしんじ)、撮影所を離れた鈴木清順(すずきせいじゅん)の作品も配給した。作品が毎年の映画ベストテンの上位に選出され、ミニシアター上映の先駆けでもあったATGは、作家性や政治性の強い企画を通し、低予算を逆手にとった先鋭的な芸術作品によってユース・カルチャーに大きな足跡を残すが、経営悪化のため1992年(平成4)の新藤兼人(しんどうかねと)監督による『濹東綺譚(ぼくとうきだん)』の配給を最後に活動停止した。

[佐藤千紘]

『佐藤忠男編『ATG映画を読む――60年代に始まった名作のアーカイヴ』(1991・フィルムアート社)』『多賀祥介著『ATG編集後記――回想の映画人たち』(1995・平凡社)』『牛田あや美著『ATG映画+新宿』(2007・D文学研究会、星雲社発売)』『葛井欣士郎・平沢剛著『遺言 アートシアター新宿文化』(2008・河出書房新社)』

[参照項目] | 伊丹十三 | 大島渚 | 篠田正浩 | 新藤兼人 | 鈴木清順 | 相米慎二 | 寺山修司 | ヌーベル・バーグ | 羽仁進 | フェリーニ | ライ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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