If the three points on a circle are A, B, and P, then the angle APB is called the inscribed angle subtended by the arc AB within this angle, or the inscribed angle that stands on the arc AB (see (1) in ). If the center of the circle is O, then the central angle AOB subtended by the arc AB is equal to twice the inscribed angle APB (see (2) in ). Therefore, regardless of how the points on the conjugate arcs are taken, the size of the inscribed angle subtended by an arc is constant. An inscribed angle subtended by a minor arc is an acute angle, and an inscribed angle subtended by a major arc is an obtuse angle. In particular, an inscribed angle subtended by a semicircle is a right angle. The set of points at which the angle seen by a line segment is constant becomes an arc of a circle with the line segment as its chord, and is formed on both sides of the line segment. The angle between the tangent to the circle and a chord with the tangent point at one end is equal to the inscribed angle subtended by an arc inside the angle.When the four vertices of a quadrilateral are on the circumference of a circle, the quadrilateral is said to be inscribed in a circle, and that circle is called the circumscribing circle of the quadrilateral. When quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle, according to the properties of inscribed angles, ∠BAC = ∠BDC ( (3)). The converse also holds. In other words, if the above two angles are equal, the quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle. Furthermore, the sum of the diagonals of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle is two right angles ( (4)). The converse also holds. Furthermore, one of the exterior angles of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle is equal to the angle (called the interior diagonal) that corresponds to that vertex. This property is also a condition for a quadrilateral to be inscribed in a circle.[Toshio Shibata] ©Shogakukan "> Circular angle (diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
円周上の3点をA、B、Pとするとき、角APBをこの角内にある弧(こ)ABに対する円周角、あるいは、弧ABの上に立つ円周角という( の(1))。円の中心をOとすると、この弧ABに対する中心角AOBは、円周角APBの2倍に等しい( の(2))。したがって、共役弧(きょうやくこ)の上の点のとり方にかかわらず、一つの弧に対する円周角の大きさは一定である。劣弧に対する円周角は鋭角、優弧に対する円周角は鈍角である。とくに半円に対する円周角は直角である。一つの線分を見込む角が一定な点の全体は、その線分を弦(げん)とする円の弧となり、線分の両側にできる。円の接線とその接点を一端とする弦とのなす角は、その角の内部にある弧に対する円周角と等しい。四角形の四つの頂点が一つの円周上にあるとき、その四角形は円に内接するといい、その円を四角形の外接円という。四角形ABCDが円に内接するとき、円周角の性質から∠BAC=∠BDCである( の(3))。この逆も成り立つ。すなわち、上記二つの角が等しければ、この四角形は円に内接する。また、円に内接する四角形の対角の和は2直角である( の(4))。この逆も成り立つ。さらに、円に内接する四角形の一つの外角は、その頂点に対する角(内対角という)と等しい。この性質も四角形が円に内接する条件である。[柴田敏男] ©Shogakukan"> 円周角〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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