Ladder - ladder

Japanese: 梯子 - はしご
Ladder - ladder

A tool for climbing to high places. Depending on the material, purpose, and shape, there are long ladders, bamboo ladders, stick ladders, rope ladders, log ladders, etc. Usually, it is made of two long vertical beams (pillars) with horizontal beams (steps) attached at regular intervals. This type of ladder was already depicted on bronze bells hanging from high storehouses, and was used in the Yayoi period. Long ladders are generally one and a half to two ken (one ken is about 1.8 meters) long, and are used for climbing roofs, construction, forestation, etc. The vertical beams are made of cedar or cypress, and are spaced 30 to 40 centimeters apart, with horizontal beams made of cedar or oak joined together with tenons. In mountain villages, some people cut standing trees that have grown into two forks and use them as vertical beams. Bamboo ladders are made of round bamboo for the vertical beams and the horizontal beams are tied together with palm rope, and were used by town firemen in the Edo period. A stick ladder is a piece of wood split vertically in two with a crosspiece between them, and can be folded up when not needed. It is a ladder about one ken long. A rope ladder is made by attaching a crosspiece to two ropes made from hemp or palm, with a hook at the end of the rope. In contrast to the above ladders, a log ladder is made by hollowing out the footrests of a single log. These have been excavated from the Toro and Yamaki ruins in Shizuoka Prefecture. In the Yayoi period, they were used as ladders for high storehouses. Nowadays, there are various metal ladders that are light and easy to carry. The long wooden ladders mentioned above can be made by oneself or by a carpenter, but there were also specialized craftsmen called ladder makers. There are also superstitions about ladders, such as that if you sit on the crosspiece you will be carried away by a demon, or that if you go under a ladder, you will encounter misfortune.

[Naoyuki Ogawa]

Rod ladder
©Katsuya Nishikawa ">

Rod ladder


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

高いところに登るための道具。用材、用途、形状によって長梯子、竹梯子、棒梯子、縄梯子、丸木梯子などがある。通常は2本の長い縦木(柱)の間に、足をかける横木(踏桟)を一定間隔で取り付けたものである。この形の梯子はすでに、高倉にかけたところが銅鐸(どうたく)に描かれており、弥生(やよい)時代には使われていた。長梯子は一間半から二間(一間は約1.8メートル)の長さのものが一般的で、屋根に上ったり、建築、造林などに用いられる。縦木にはスギ、ヒノキを使い、30、40センチメートルの間隔をとり、その間にスギやカシなどでつくった横木を枘(ほぞ)で組んだものが多い。山村では二またに伸びた立木を切り、そのまま縦木に利用したものもある。竹梯子は縦木に丸竹を用い、横木をシュロ縄で結び付けたもので、江戸時代の町火消が使った。棒梯子は1本の木を縦に二つ割りにし、その間に横木を入れたもので、不要なときは畳んでおくことができる。これは長さ一間程度の梯子である。縄梯子は2本のアサ、シュロなどの縄に横木をつけ、縄の先に鉤(かぎ)をつけて利用した。以上の梯子に対し、丸木梯子は、1本の丸太に足をかけるところを刳(く)ってつくったものである。これは静岡県の登呂(とろ)や山木遺跡からも出土している。弥生時代には高倉用の梯子として使われた。最近は金属製のさまざまな梯子があり、軽くて持ち運びが便利なようになっている。前述の木の長梯子は自分でつくるか大工につくらせるが、梯子屋といって専門の職人もあった。なお梯子には、横木に腰をおろすと魔物にさらわれるとか、梯子の下をくぐると災難があるなどの俗信もある。

[小川直之]

棒梯子
©西川勝也">

棒梯子


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