...The secretions of female lac scale insects that parasitize tree branches were used as dyes. Lac scale insects were also used in ancient India as a dye called lac dye, and cochineal obtained from the cochineal scale insect, or carmine, that parasitizes cacti, was used in Central and South America by the ancient Incas and others. The ancient Phoenician kermes, known as carmine in Europe, is thought to be a dye obtained from a type of scale insect. From [Cochineal]…The name comes from the fact that cochineal (a red dye) is obtained from the insect's body. It is also called the cochineal bug (a reddish-brown bug) because of its color. It is found in Central and South America, but is not distributed in Japan. … From [Cactus] …In Germany, a medicine for coronary aneurysms is made from Selenicereus grandiflorus Br.et R. Carmine is a red dye extracted from Dactylepius coccus , which grows on Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) SD, but today most dyes are synthetic. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Cochinus" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…樹枝に寄生した雌のラックカイガラムシの分泌物が染料に利用されたのである。ラックカイガラムシは古代インドでもラックダイという染料として用いられたが,このほかサボテンに寄生するコチニールカイガラムシすなわちエンジムシ(臙脂虫)から得られたコチニールは,古代インカなど中南米で使用された。古代フェニキアのケルメス,ヨーロッパでカーミンと呼ばれるものはタマカイガラムシの一種から得られた染料だと思われる。… 【コチニールカイガラムシ】より…虫体からコチニール(洋紅染料)が得られるのでこの名がある。また,その色からエンジムシ(臙脂虫)とも呼ばれる。中南米に産し,日本には分布しない。… 【サボテン】より…ダイリンチュウ(大輪柱)Selenicereus grandiflorus Br.et R.から,ドイツでは冠状動脈瘤(どうみやくりゆう)の薬を作る。臙脂(えんじ)(カーミン)はノパレア・コケニリフェラNopalea cochenillifera (L.) S.D.につくエンジムシDactylepius coccusからとれる赤色の染料だが,現在は合成染料が多い。 ※「エンジムシ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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