It is a type of stochastic process that quantitatively describes chance phenomena that change over time. When the value at time n is Xn , as in a random walk, the amount of change by the next time, Xn + 1 - Xn , is determined only by the n +1th trial, so it is independent of previous values , including Xn . A stochastic process in which the increment is independent of the past is called an additive process, or an independent increment process. Similarly, for a stochastic process X ( t ) with continuous time, if the transition X ( t + h ) -X ( t ) from time t to the later time t + h ( h >0) is independent of the value before t { X ( s ); s ≦ t }, it is called an additive process, and in applications, it is considered to be an ideal mathematical description of fluctuations and noise. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
時間の推移とともに変化していく偶然現象を数量的に記述する確率過程の一種である。ランダムウォークのように時刻nでその値がXnであるとき,次の時刻までに変化した量Xn+1-Xnはn+1回目の試行のみによって定まるので,Xnも含めそれ以前の値と独立になる。このように増分が過去と独立になるような確率過程を加法過程,または独立増分過程と呼ぶ。連続時間をもつ確率過程X(t)についても同様にして,時刻tから後の時刻t+h(h>0)までの変移X(t+h)-X(t)がt以前の値{X(s);s≦t}と独立になるものを加法過程と呼び,応用面では,理想的なゆらぎやノイズなどの数学的記述と考えられている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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