Downward Movement (English: Downward Movement)

Japanese: 下放運動 - かほううんどう（英語表記）xià fàng yùn dòng

A modern ideological reform movement in China. Government and Communist Party officials and students went to farm villages and factories for a certain period of time to work alongside workers and peasants, with the aim of cultivating a spirit of service to workers and peasants through this experience and reducing the difference between mental and physical labor. Its predecessor can be seen in the movement to go down to the countryside carried out by intellectuals during the May Fourth Movement of 1919 to politically enlighten the masses, but it was not until 1958, after the Rectification Movement, that it was implemented again after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，現代の思想改造運動の一つ。政府･中国共産党の幹部，学生が一定期間，農村や工場に入り，労働者，農民と共に働き，その体験を通じて労働者，農民に奉仕する精神を養い，精神労働と肉体労働の差異を縮小しようとしておこなわれた。知識人が1919年の五･四運動の中で大衆の政治的啓蒙をはかるためにおこなった下郷運動にその前身をみることができるが，中華人民共和国成立後ふたたび実施されるようになったのは，整風運動以降の58年である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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