Yan-jing; Yen-ching

Japanese: 燕京 - えんけい（英語表記）Yan-jing; Yen-ching

The ancient name of Beijing, the capital of China. Shi Siming, one of the leaders of the An Lushan Rebellion, called this place Yanjing, but it was ceded to the Khitan during the Later Jin Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. The Liao Dynasty called it Yanjing Sekishinfu and called it Nanjing. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, the Song Dynasty renamed it Yanshanfu when they attacked Yanjing, and received it as a gift from the Jin Dynasty, which actually occupied the area (1123). They held it for a time, but it was soon taken by the Jin Dynasty, who renamed it Yanjing Sekishinfu again and called it Zhongdu, expanding the city area (a square with sides of about 5,000 meters). It is located in the southwest of present-day Beijing. During the Yuan Dynasty, it was called Dadu and became the capital, and during the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Beiping, and later, during the reign of Emperor Chengzu Yongle (1420), it was renamed Beijing, and was inherited by the Qing Dynasty.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国の首都北京の古称。安史の乱の首謀者の一人史思明がこの地を燕京と称したが，五代の後晋のとき契丹に割譲され，遼は燕京析津府 (せきしんふ) と称し，南京と号した。遼末，宋は燕京攻撃にあたり燕山府と改称，この地を実際に占領した金の譲与を受け (1123) ，一時保有したが，すぐ金に奪われ，金は再び燕京析津府と改称して中都と号し，城域を拡大した (1辺約 5000mの方形) 。現在の北京の南西部にあたる。元代には大都と称され首都となり，明は北平，のち成祖永楽帝のとき (1420) 北京と改称され，清にも受継がれた。

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