A percussion instrument with both membrane and body sound. Also called a tambourine. It is a frame drum made of a wooden frame (usually a very shallow cylinder) with a membrane (sheep, cow or synthetic leather) glued or riveted on one side. In addition, small metal disks (often cymbal-shaped) are arranged on the frame to fuse different sounds. Currently, orchestral drums with a diameter of about 25 cm are used. The center or edge of the membrane or the wooden frame can be struck with fingertips, knuckles, fists, palms, knees or bachi (sticks), producing dynamic or subtle sounds of loudness and softness. The membrane can also be rubbed with a wet thumb for unusual tremolo effects, or the whole instrument can be shaken to produce only metallic sounds. This instrument originated in the ancient civilizations of Western Asia and was widely spread to India, China, the Incas, Greenland, and medieval Europe. It has been used by orchestras since Mozart in the late 18th century, and is used to create an oriental atmosphere and a dance feel. [Osamu Yamaguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
膜鳴および体鳴の両要素を兼備した打楽器。タンブリンともいう。木製の枠(ごく浅い円筒状が一般的)に、片面のみ皮膜(羊、牛、合成皮革)を接着剤や鋲(びょう)で留めた枠太鼓であるが、これに加えて、枠に小さな金属円盤(対(つい)になったシンバル型が多い)を並べて、異質の音を融合させている。現在、管弦楽では、直径約25センチメートルのものが使用されている。膜面の中央や端、あるいは木枠の部分を打つときに、指先、指関節、こぶし、手のひら、膝(ひざ)、または桴(ばち)を使い分けて、大小の音をダイナミックにあるいは微妙に表現できる。また、ぬれた親指の先で膜をこすって風変わりなトレモロ効果を出したり、楽器全体を振って金属音だけを聞かせることもできる。 この楽器は西アジア古代文明に端を発し、インド、中国、インカ、グリーンランド、中世ヨーロッパなどに広く伝播(でんぱ)した。オーケストラには18世紀後期のモーツァルト以来用いられ、東洋的雰囲気や舞曲の感じを出すのに利用されている。 [山口 修] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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