Movement - migration

Japanese: 移動 - いどう(英語表記)migration
Movement - migration

Migration is the movement of an organism from one habitat to another. It is also called migration. Animals with high mobility can move quickly, but even plants move gradually, bringing about changes in their distribution range. Moving from one habitat to another is called emigration, and moving in is called immigration. Migration can be broadly divided into recurrent migration, where migration is repeated periodically, and non-recurrent migration, where migration does not return.

Migration can be divided into those based on the mobility of individuals (escape from predators, preying, foraging, overwintering, breeding, etc.), density-dependent migration due to overcrowding (including notable non-returning migration such as mass migrations caused by sudden outbreaks of mice, grasshoppers, etc.), and passive migration carried by wind, water currents, animals, etc. (dispersal of plant seeds and spores, movement of small animals, etc.). In genetics, it refers to the movement of genes due to the entry and exit of individuals or populations between mating populations.

[Azuma Mikio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生物があるすみ場所からほかへ移ることをいい、移住ともいう。運動性の大きい動物では、速やかな移動がみられるが、植物でも徐々に移動して分布域に変化をもたらす。ある場所からほかへ出ていくことを移出emigration、入ってくることを移入immigrationといい、移出入が周期的に反復する回帰移動と再帰しない非回帰移動に大別できる。

 移動は、個体の運動性に基づくもの(外敵からの逃避、捕食、索餌(さくじ)、越冬、繁殖などのための移動)、過密による密度依存的移動(ネズミ、バッタなど突発的な大発生に伴う集団的移動など顕著な非回帰移動を含む)、風や水流や動物などによって運搬される受動的移動(植物の種子や胞子の散布移動、小形動物などの移動)などに分けられる。なお、遺伝学では、交配集団の間で個体または個体群の出入りによって遺伝子が移動することをさす。

[東 幹夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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