Pollen analysis

Japanese: 花粉分析 - かふんぶんせき
Pollen analysis

A method to examine pollen contained in sediments from geologically old strata. The outer wall of pollen is made of substances such as proteins and fats that are difficult to decompose, and it is even more difficult to decompose in places with poor decomposition conditions such as peat bogs in marshes and sediments at the bottom of ponds, so pollen often remains intact even after other biological remains have decomposed. Since the morphology of pollen shows different characteristics depending on the species and genus, by examining pollen detected from strata at different depths, it is possible to estimate the vegetation, forest conditions, and climate at the time. However, in the case of pine trees and other plants, there are differences in pollen production and distribution range depending on the type of plant, so a basic knowledge of plants is required to determine the distribution of collected pollen.

Pollen analysis was invented by L. von Post and his colleagues (1916) to study the changes in plants and climate in the peat layers of Northern Europe. As the results closely matched those from other fields, it became widely used worldwide. In Japan, too, this method has been used to study Quaternary sedimentary layers since 1923 (Taisho 12). Today, the results of pollen analysis are widely used in the development of fuel resources and elucidation of seafloor geology.

[Akiko Sugiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地質学的に古い地層の堆積(たいせき)物に含まれている花粉を調べる方法。花粉の外壁は分解されにくいタンパク質や脂肪などの物質からなるうえに、湿原の泥炭地、池底の堆積物など分解条件の悪い所ではさらに分解されにくくなるので、他の生物遺骸(いがい)が分解されたのちも、花粉はそのまま保存されることが多い。花粉の形態は、種や属によってそれぞれの特徴を示すので、異なる深さの地層から検出される花粉を調べることによって、当時の植生、森林の状態、気候などを推定できる。しかし、マツなどの場合には、植物の種類によって花粉の生産量、散布範囲などに差があるため、採集した花粉の分布を判断するためには、植物の基礎知識を必要とする。

 花粉分析は、ポストL. von Postらにより考案され(1916)、北ヨーロッパの泥炭層での植物や気候の変遷が調査された。この結果が他の分野からの結果とよく一致したことから、広く世界的に利用されるようになった。日本でも1923年(大正12)以来、第四紀の堆積層の調査はこの方法により行われている。今日では花粉分析の結果は燃料資源の開発、海底地質の解明などにも広く役だっている。

[杉山明子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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