...This determined the boundaries of the ranches (estancias) and narrowed the range of cattle movement, making it impossible for gauchos to roam the pampas with their estancia herds for weeks at a time. Thus, in the second half of the 19th century, gauchos were politically and socially excluded, but José Hernández's Martín Fierro (1872) is a poignant work about the gauchos' sorrow, and is considered the greatest work of gaucho literature. In the 20th century, nationalism rose in the wake of reflection on excessive Europeanization, and there was a movement to reevaluate the gaucho as a symbol of national character because of his bravery and masculinity. From Martin Fierro…The fictional protagonist of the epic poem Martín Fierro (1872,79), a masterpiece of gaucho literature by the Argentine writer José Hernández (1834-86). The gaucho (cowboy) payador (improvisational poet) who led a turbulent life in the Pampas in the second half of the 19th century is portrayed as a typical gaucho, a hero of the Pampas who rebels against the injustice of civilized society, which takes away the freedom of gauchos as the large land ownership system advances with modernization. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Hernandez, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これにより牧場(エスタンシア)の境界が確定され,牛の移動範囲が狭まったため,ガウチョが数週間もエスタンシアの牛群を率いてパンパ内を放浪することは不可能となってしまった。 こうして19世紀後半ガウチョは政治的にも社会的にも締め出されていったわけだが,こうしたガウチョの悲哀を切々とうたい上げたのがエルナンデスJosé Hernándezの《マルティン・フィエロ》(1872)であり,ガウチョ文学の最高傑作とされている。20世紀に入ると行き過ぎた欧化主義への反省から民族主義が高揚し,それに伴ってガウチョをその勇敢さ,男らしさのゆえに国民性のシンボルとして再評価しようとする動きが起こった。… 【マルティン・フィエロ】より…アルゼンチンの作家エルナンデスJosé Hernández(1834‐86)によるガウチョ文学の傑作叙事詩《マルティン・フィエロ》(1872,79)の架空の主人公。19世紀後半のパンパを舞台に波乱の一生を送ったガウチョ(牧童)のパジャドールpayador(吟遊即興詩人)が,近代化によって大土地所有制度が進む過程でガウチョたちの自由を奪う文明社会の不正に反逆するパンパの英雄,ガウチョの典型として描かれている。… ※「エルナンデス,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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