MVD - M.V.D.

...In the former Soviet Union, divisions and above had specialized traffic control units, and criminal investigations were the authority of the unit's commander (the district security commander in peacetime garrisons), who had legal officers on his staff. Another distinctive feature of the former Soviet Union was the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and the Committee for State Security (KGB) units, which were responsible for some of the military police duties and were also subject to their control. [Katsuichi Tsukamoto]
[Military Police in Japan]

[The Military Police System and Functions of the Former Japanese Military]
The term "Kenpei" was first used in the former Japanese military in an 1873 Ministry of the Army ordinance, but this remained merely as legal text, and the first such use was in the Tonden Kenpei, which was established in Hokkaido in June of the following year.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "MVD" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…旧ソ連では師団以上の部隊には交通統制専門の部隊があり，犯罪捜査等は部隊の司令官(平時駐屯地においては地区警備司令官)の権限であり，司令官は幕僚として法務官を持っていた。このほか旧ソ連の特色として，内務省(MVD)部隊および国家保安委員会(KGB)部隊があり，憲兵業務の一部を担当し，軍隊もその取締りを受けていた。【塚本 勝一】
【日本における憲兵】

［旧日本軍の憲兵制度と機能］
　旧日本軍で憲兵という名称が最初に使われたのは1873年の陸軍省条例中においてであるが，これは単なる法文だけに終わり，翌74年6月北海道におかれた屯田憲兵が最初のものである。…

※「MVD」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報