M2 - Emuni

Japanese: M₂ - えむに
M2 - Emuni

…Currency means money in the narrow sense, but in some cases it is used synonymously with money, and there is no clear definition. Under the gold standard before World War I, gold as a commodity was the original currency, and banknotes were considered to function the same as original currency only if they were exchangeable for gold. In that case, gold was currency, and banknotes were paper notes. However, after World War I, the gold standard collapsed and the country moved to a managed currency system, and banknotes or government paper money came to take the place of original currency, and with the development of the credit transaction system, current accounts (demand deposits in a broader sense) transferred by issuing checks came to be used as a means of payment. …

From [Money Supply]

The currency in circulation is the amount of money held by the private sector (companies, individuals, local governments, etc.) other than financial institutions such as banks.
[ M1 , M2 , M3 ]
Depending on the definition of currency, money supply can be divided into narrow and broad definitions. Narrow definition of money supply is when currency is defined as the sum of cash currency and deposit currency, i.e., demand deposits, and is usually called M 1 (M1). In Japan, demand deposits include current deposits, ordinary deposits, notice deposits, tax reserve deposits, and special deposits held at all national banks (excluding trust accounts), mutual banks, Shinkin banks, Norinchukin Bank, and Shoko Chukin Bank.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "M2" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…通貨とは狭い意味の貨幣を意味するが,場合によっては貨幣とまったく同義に使用されることもあり,明確な定義は存在しない。第1次大戦前の金本位制度のもとでは,商品貨幣としての金が本来の貨幣であり,銀行券は金との交換性を保持している場合にのみ本来の貨幣と同じ機能をはたすものと考えられていた。その場合には金が通貨であり,銀行券は紙券であった。ところが,第1次大戦後金本位制度が崩壊して管理通貨制度に移行したのにつれて,銀行券または政府紙幣が本来的な貨幣の地位を占めるようになり,信用取引制度の発達とともに小切手の振出しによって移転される当座預金(広義では要求払預金)が決済手段として使用されるようになってきた。…

【マネー・サプライ】より

…銀行などの金融機関以外の民間部門(企業,個人,地方公共団体など)が保有する通貨をいい,通貨供給量と訳される。
[M1,M2,M3
 通貨の定義により狭義マネー・サプライと広義マネー・サプライに分かれる。狭義マネー・サプライとは,通貨を現金通貨と預金通貨すなわち要求払預金の合計と定義した場合で,通常M1(エムワン)と呼ぶ。日本の場合,要求払預金には全国銀行(信託勘定を除く),相互銀行,信用金庫,農林中金,商工中金に預けてある当座預金,普通預金,通知預金,納税準備預金,および別段預金を含める。…

※「M₂」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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