MD - M.D.

Japanese: MD - えむでぃー
MD - M.D.

An optical disk with a diameter of 6.4 centimeters, about half the size of a compact disk (CD). It is an abbreviation for Mini Disk. It is housed in a cartridge and can record and play for up to several tens of hours. It was released by Sony in Japan in 1992. There are playback-only optical disks and recording/playback magneto-optical disks, and the company's proprietary digital audio compression technology (ATRAC: Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding), which reduces the amount of information based on a psychoacoustic model, gave it sound quality and recording time comparable to that of a CD. It has monaural and stereo modes, can record text, is easy to edit, and is shock-resistant, so it was expected to be used in mobile phones and automobiles. However, it did not reach the level of the preceding CD, and sales of playback-only MDs were discontinued in 1999. For recording and playback, improvements were made with the MDLP (Mini Disc Long-Play mode) in 2000, which allowed for double or quadruple the recording time of previous models, the Net MD in 2001, which allowed for the transfer of music recorded on a computer, the Hi-MD in 2004, which allowed for 45 hours of recording, and the Hi-MD PHOTO in 2005, which also allowed for image recording. However, with the appearance of the iPod (a portable music player made by Apple Inc. in the United States), MDs never gained much popularity overseas, and in 2007 all manufacturers ceased sales and production. Sony also ceased production in 2011, and in 2013 it also stopped shipping MD-equipped devices.

[Tomonori Iwata April 17, 2015]

[Reference] | Compact disc | Magnetic disk device | Digital audio disc | Optical disc

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

コンパクトディスク(CD)の約半分の大きさの、直径6.4センチメートルの光ディスク。ミニディスクMini Diskの略。カートリッジに収められており、数十時間までの録音・再生が可能である。1992年(平成4)に日本のソニー社が発売。再生専用の光ディスクと録音・再生用の光磁気ディスクがあり、自社開発の、聴覚心理モデルに基づいた情報量の削減を行うデジタルオーディオ音声圧縮技術(ATRAC:Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding)により、CD並みの音質と録音時間が得られた。モノラル・モードとステレオ・モードがあり、文字記録も可能で、編集が容易で衝撃にも強いことから、携帯用や自動車用に期待された。しかし、先行したCDには及ばず、再生専用のMDは1999年に発売を中止した。録音・再生用は、2000年(平成12)に従来の2倍または4倍の時間の記録を可能にしたMDLP(Mini Disc Long-Play mode)、2001年にパソコンに録りためた音楽の転送が可能なNet MD(ネットエムディー)、2004年に45時間の録音が可能なHi-MD(ハイエムディー)、2005年に画像記録も可能なHi-MD PHOTO(フォト)などと改良は進んだが、iPod(アイポッド)(アメリカのアップル社の携帯音楽プレーヤー)の登場などにより海外ではほとんど普及せず、2007年には各メーカーが販売生産を停止。ソニー社も2011年に生産を終了し、2013年にはMD搭載機器の出荷も停止した。

[岩田倫典 2015年4月17日]

[参照項目] | コンパクトディスク | 磁気ディスク装置 | デジタルオーディオディスク | 光ディスク

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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