A rewritable optical disk that utilizes the magneto-optical effect. It is also called an MO disk or magneto-optical disk. It was developed in 1980. The magneto-optical effect here refers to the phenomenon in which linearly polarized light, when reflected by a magnetic material, changes to elliptically polarized light that corresponds to the magnetization direction of the magnetic poles of the magnetic material. When a strong laser beam (about 10 milliwatts) is applied to the magneto-optical recording material TeFeCo (amorphous alloy, etc.) and localized heating is performed, the magnetic domains break apart at a certain temperature (Curie point, about 200°C). At this time, if an external magnetic field is applied in an upward or downward direction depending on the information, the magnetic domains will align themselves to the direction of the external magnetic field, but when the laser beam is removed, they are rapidly cooled and the magnetic domains will remain in the same direction. This phenomenon is used for writing. The magneto-optical effect is used for reading, but a weak laser beam (about 1 milliwatt) that does not change the magnetic domains is used, so the magnetic domains do not change direction even when reading, and the information is retained as it is. The heat of the laser beam can be used to change the recording, allowing tens of thousands of rewrites, and the laser beam can be focused to a diameter of less than 1 micrometer, making high-density recording of more than 1 megabit/ mm2 possible. The mainstream 3.5-inch type is available in products with capacities of 128 MB, 230 MB, and 640 MB. There is also the GIGAMO type, which has a gigabyte-class storage capacity and is used in CD-RW (Compact Disc Rewritable) and MD (Mini Disk). However, the signal change caused by the magneto-optical effect is only one-tenth that caused by the phase transition method used in DVDs (digital versatile discs), and so it has the disadvantage of being vulnerable to noise. For this reason, the magneto-optical effect is not used in large-capacity recording media that appeared after MO, such as DVDs, high-definition DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. The production of MO has decreased due to the spread of USB memory. [Michinori Iwata] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
光磁気効果(Magneto-Optic Effect)を利用した書換え可能な光ディスク。MOディスク、光磁気ディスクともいう。1980年に開発された。ここでの光磁気効果とは直線偏光された光が磁性体で反射するとき、磁性体の磁極の磁化方向に対応した楕円偏光(だえんへんこう)に変わる現象をいう。 光磁気ディスクの光磁気記録材料TeFeCo(アモルファス合金など)は、強いレーザー光(約10ミリワット)を当て局所加熱すると、ある温度(キュリー点、200℃ぐらい)で磁区がばらばらになる。このとき、情報に応じて外部から上または下方向の磁界を加えると、磁区は外部磁界の方向にそろうが、レーザー光をとりさると急冷されるために磁区の方向はそのままに残る。書込みにはこの現象を利用する。読出しには光磁気効果を用いるが、磁区を変化させないような弱いレーザー光(約1ミリワット)を用いるため、読出しによっても磁区の方向は変化せず、情報はそのまま保持される。レーザー光の熱により記録が左右できるため何万回もの書換えが可能で、また、レーザー光が1マイクロメートル径以下に絞れることから1メガビット/mm2以上の高密度記録が可能になる。 主流である3.5インチタイプでは、容量128メガバイト、230メガバイト、640メガバイトなどの製品がある。CD-RW(Compact Disc Rewritable)やMD(Mini Disk)に用いられる、ギガバイト級の記憶容量のGIGAMO(ギガモ)もある。しかし、光磁気効果による信号の変化が、DVD(digital versatile disc)に用いられている相転移方式によるものの10分の1と小さいことから、雑音に弱いという欠点がある。このため、DVD、ハイビジョンDVD、ブルーレイディスクなど、MOの後に登場した大容量記録メディアには光磁気効果は用いられていない。なお、MOはUSBメモリーの普及などにより生産が減少した。 [岩田倫典] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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