This refers to the flow of blood in blood vessels. In arteries, high pressure is applied to the blood during systole, but the pressure drops during diastole because the aortic valve is closed. However, even during diastole, blood flows toward the periphery because it is pushed by the elasticity of the arterial wall. Therefore, while the blood pressure and blood flow are pulsating in arteries, the pulsation is almost nonexistent in capillaries, and the flow is continuous. Veins also have a continuous flow. The speed of blood flow is about 50 centimeters per second in the aorta, about 0.5 millimeters per second in capillaries, and about 25 centimeters per second in the vena cava. The reason that blood flow is slow in capillaries is because they have many branches and a significantly large total cross-sectional area. The cardiac output is about 5 liters per minute at rest, and it takes 50 to 60 seconds for blood to circulate throughout the body. [Hidenobu Mashima] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
血管内における血液の流れをいう。動脈では、心臓の収縮期に、血液に対して高い圧力が加わり血流がおこるが、拡張期には大動脈弁が閉じているので、圧力は低下する。しかし、拡張期中においても血流が末梢(まっしょう)へ向かって進むのは、動脈壁の弾力によって押されるからである。したがって、動脈では血圧や血流は拍動しているが、毛細血管になると拍動はほとんどなくなり、連続した流れとなる。静脈も同様に連続した流れである。血流の速さは、大動脈で毎秒約50センチメートル、毛細血管で毎秒約0.5ミリメートル、大静脈で毎秒約25センチメートル程度である。毛細血管の血流が遅いのは、分枝が多く、総断面積が著しく大きいからである。心拍出量は安静時に毎分約5リットルで、全身を循環するのに要する時間は50~60秒である。 [真島英信] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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