ENIAC is an abbreviation for electronic numerical integrator and calculator. It was the first general-purpose computer (electronic calculator) put into practical use in 1946 by John Presper Eckert Jr. (1919-95) and Mauchly of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. It was a huge machine that used about 18,800 vacuum tubes, consumed 150 kilowatts of power, and weighed 30 tons. It was developed in the middle of World War II, and its purpose was to calculate the ballistics of cannons. Until then, it took more than seven hours to solve the equations for ballistic calculations by hand, but ENIAC could perform the calculations in just three seconds, and was said to be faster than a bullet. However, its programming required the use of about 6,000 switches and a wiring board, and the stored-program (or stored-program) method, which is the greatest feature of modern computers, had to wait for the later developments of EDSAC and EDVAC. [Hiroshi Ishii] Some people consider the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC machine), a prototype created in 1939, to be the world's first computer. [Editorial Department] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
electronic numerical integrator and calculatorの略称。1946年にアメリカのペンシルベニア大学のエッカートJohn Presper Eckert Jr.(1919―95)とモークリーによって最初に実用化された汎用コンピュータ(電子計算機)。約1万8800本の真空管を使い、消費電力150キロワット、重さ30トンに及ぶ巨大な機械であった。開発の当時は第二次世界大戦の最中で、ENIACが開発された目的は、大砲の弾道計算をすることであった。弾道計算の方程式を解くには、それまで人手で7時間余りを要していたが、ENIACではわずか3秒で計算を行い、弾丸よりも速いといわれた。しかし、そのプログラミングは、約6000個のスイッチと配線盤を用いて行わねばならず、現在のコンピュータの最大の特徴であるプログラム記憶方式(またはプログラム内蔵方式)は、その後に開発されるEDSAC(エドサック)やEDVAC(エドバック)をまたねばならなかった。 [石井 博] 1939年に試作されたアタナソフ・ベリー・コンピュータ(ABCマシン)を世界最初のコンピュータとする考え方もある。 [編集部] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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