Canon

Japanese: カノン
Canon
From the Greek word kanon, meaning law or rule. (1) In Christianity, it refers to a canon of doctrine, the canon of the Bible (also called the canon, as opposed to the apocrypha), a part of the canon of the Mass, canon law, etc. (2) In music, it is a form of counterpoint composition. One voice is regularly imitated by one or more other voices one after another. Imitation can be done in a variety of ways, including strict imitation (parallel canon), antinomy, retrograde, augmentation, and reduction, used alone or in combination. (3) In art, it refers to a standard proportion, especially of the human body, that is in balance. The standard was established in Greece. The sculptor Polykleitos wrote a book called Canon and is said to have demonstrated it in his work Doryphoros (a man carrying a long spear), but this book has not been handed down. Galen cited the proportions in the Roman period, but the exact figures are unknown and have been debated in later generations. The actual proportions of the human body were first seen in Dürer and Leonardo da Vinci. → Canon → Related topics Pachelbel

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
法則・規則を意味するギリシア語のkanonに由来。(1)キリスト教では教理典範,教会で認めた聖書正典(正経ともいう。外典に対する),ミサの典文の一部,教会法などをいう。(2)音楽では対位法による作曲の形式の一つ。一つの声部が他の一つ以上の声部によって次々に規則的に模倣されていくこと。模倣の仕方については,厳格に模倣することを中心に(平行カノン),反行,逆行,拡大,縮小などがあり,それらが単独あるいは組み合わされて使われる。(3)美術では均衡のとれた特に人体の標準比例をさし,ギリシアで基準がつくられた。彫刻家ポリュクレイトスは《カノン》という書を著し,《ドリュフォロス(長槍を担ぐ人)》でそれを実証したといわれるが,この書は伝わっていない。ローマ時代にガレノスがその比例について引用しているが,正確な数字はわからず,後世論議されている。人体の実測的比率はデューラーやレオナルド・ダ・ビンチに初めて見られる。→正典
→関連項目パッヘルベル

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