SS - SS

Japanese: SS - えすえす
SS - SS

The abbreviation for the Schutzstaffel, the SS of the Nazi Party. Founded in 1925 as an organization to protect Hitler personally, it was part of the SA (Storm Troops). After 1929, under Himmler, it took on the role of police within the Nazi Party, and in June 1934, it cooperated with Hitler in the Röhm incident, becoming the party's military organization in place of the SA and threatening the Wehrmacht. In 1936, when Himmler took control of the entire German police, the SS and the police were merged in terms of personnel and organization. The SS had a complex organization, with important agencies including the "Racial Office" to realize Nazi racial theory, and the "Security Service (SD)," a public security intelligence agency that included the Gestapo (secret state police), but the core was the "Waffen SS," which also included the "Skull Troop" that managed the concentration camps. After 1939, the SS expanded its organization and even ran its own businesses. Junker schools were also established to train leaders of the SS, the Nazi elite. The number of members was said to be 300 in 1929, 50,000 at the beginning of 1933, and 900,000 by 1945.

[Teruo Yoshida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ナチ党(ナチス)の親衛隊Schutzstaffelの略称。1925年にヒトラー個人を保護する組織として設立され、突撃隊SA(エスアー)に属したが、29年以後ヒムラーのもとでナチ党内の警察機能をもつに至り、34年6月のレーム事件ではヒトラーに協力し、突撃隊にかわる党の軍事組織となり、国防軍を脅かす存在となった。36年、ヒムラーが全ドイツの警察を手中にすると、親衛隊と警察は人的、組織的に融合した。親衛隊の組織は複雑で、重要機関にナチス人種理論を実現するための「人種局」、ゲシュタポ(秘密国家警察)を含む公安情報機関「保安隊SD(エスデー)」などがあるが、中核をなすのは「武装親衛隊」で、強制収容所を管理した「髑髏(どくろ)隊」もこれに属する。39年以後親衛隊の組織は拡大し、独自の企業すら経営した。またナチス・エリートとしての親衛隊の指導者養成機関としてユンカー学校が設けられていた。隊員数は29年300人、33年初め5万人、45年90万人といわれる。

[吉田輝夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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