Canoe - canoe (English spelling)

Japanese: カヌー - かぬー(英語表記)canoe
Canoe - canoe (English spelling)

A small boat with a primitive structure that does not use a rudders or keels, and various types are widely distributed throughout the world. The most common type is the dugout canoe, which is made by hollowing out a tree trunk, and is seen throughout Africa, Central and South America, Asia, and Oceania. It has developed uniquely among the peoples of the South Pacific, and in addition to the normal dugout canoe and canoes with wave-breaking outer hulls, there are out-rigger canoes, which have log floats attached to one or both sides of the dugout canoe to improve stability, and double canoes, which have two boats connected by a beam or have a deck and a mast. War canoes up to 18 meters long are seen among the Maori of New Zealand and other island peoples. These canoes are often decorated with elegant carvings.

Canoes with different structures were highly developed among Native Americans, Eskimos, and Inuit. Canoes called kayaks are made of a light wooden or animal bone frame covered with sealskin, with a hole in the center of the top for a person to sit in. The umiak, also known as a women's boat, is somewhat larger and is used mainly for trade. Canoes developed among Native Americans are made of a light, sturdy wooden frame covered with birch bark and waterproofed with resin. All parts of the structure are curved and bow-shaped, making them highly elastic, and their streamlined shape makes them light enough for one person to carry, yet strong enough to carry a considerable amount of luggage.

Today, the canoes that are well known for sports and other activities include the kayak, which borrowed its prototype from the Eskimo and Inuit kayaks, and the Canadian canoe, which borrowed its prototype from the canoes of Native Americans. Canoes are made of a variety of materials, including wood, plastic, light metal, and fiberglass.

[Mitsuru Hamamoto]

[References] | Canoeing | Kayak | Leather boat | Dugout canoe

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

舵(かじ)や竜骨などを用いない原始的な構造の小舟で、種々の形態のものが世界中に広く分布している。アフリカ、中南米、アジア、オセアニアを通じてもっとも広くみられるのが、木の幹をくりぬいた丸木舟(独木舟)(まるきぶね)タイプのものである。南太平洋の諸民族の間で独自の発展を遂げ、通常の独木舟やそれに波よけの外板をつけたもののほかに、独木舟の片側または両側に丸太のフロートをつけ安定性を向上させたアウト・リガー式のカヌー、二つの舟を梁(はり)でつないだり、甲板を渡して帆柱を立てたりしたダブル・カヌーなどがある。ニュージーランドのマオリやその他の島嶼(とうしょ)民の間では、長さ18メートルにも及ぶ戦闘用のカヌーもみられる。これらのカヌーには、しばしば優美な彫刻が施されていた。

 北米先住民やエスキモーおよびイヌイットの間では、異なった構造のカヌーが高度な発展を遂げた。カヤックとよばれるカヌーは、軽い木または獣骨のフレーム全体にアザラシの皮を張ったもので、上部中央に人の乗る穴が残されている。女性の舟ともいわれるウミアックは、やや大形で、主として交易に用いられている。北米先住民の間で発達したカヌーは、軽くてじょうぶな木のフレームにカバの樹皮を張り、樹脂で防水を施したものである。構造上すべての部分が湾曲した弓状で弾力性に富んでいるうえ、流線形であるため、1人で軽々と運べる軽さでありながら、かなりの量の荷物を運搬できる強靭(きょうじん)さを備えている。

 今日、スポーツ競技などでよく知られているカヌーには、エスキモーおよびイヌイットのカヤックから原型を借りたカヤックと、北米先住民のカヌーから原型を借りたカナディアン・カヌーがある。その材料には、木やプラスチック、軽金属、ガラス繊維など、種々の素材が用いられている。

[濱本 満]

[参照項目] | カヌー競技 | カヤック | 皮舟 | 丸木舟

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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