Canning, George

Japanese: カニング（英語表記）Canning， George

Born: April 11, 1770, London
[Died] August 8, 1827. London British politician. Member of the House of Commons from 1793 to 1827. Supported the policies of Pitt the Younger, and was Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1796 to 1799. Foreign Secretary in the Duke of Portland's cabinet from 1807 to 1809. Commissioner for India in the cabinet of the Earl of Liverpool from 1816 to 1821. Succeeded Castlereagh the Younger as Foreign Secretary again (1822-27), and pursued a foreign policy that distanced itself from the reactionary movements of the Holy Alliance. He adopted a non-interventionist policy in the nationalist movements of Latin America, and in 1823 recognized the independence of former Spanish colonies. He supported liberal movements in Europe, such as the Greek resistance against Turkey and the activities of the democratic faction in Portugal. In domestic affairs, he supported free trade, and worked with W. Huskisson to relax the Corn Laws. Although he opposed parliamentary reform, his liberal political stance gained him support from the Whig Party as well. He became Prime Minister in April 1827. He died of illness shortly thereafter.

Cunning
Canning, Charles John, Earl Canning

Born: 14 December 1812, London
[Died] June 17, 1862, London. British politician and first Viceroy of India. Third son of G. Canning. He became a member of the House of Commons in 1836, and was appointed Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1841 and Viceroy of India in 1856. Shortly after assuming his post, the Indian Mutiny broke out in 1857, which he succeeded in suppressing in the summer of 1858. In August of the same year, the Indian Government Improvement Act was enacted, and the governance of India was transferred from the British East India Company to the British Crown, and Canning was made the first Viceroy. In 1859, he was granted an earldom. Reflecting on the rebellion, he embarked on various reforms, including reorganizing the military, introducing a new tax system to rebuild the country's finances, enacting rent laws to protect tenant farmers, and reorganizing the court system. He also worked to cultivate pro-British supporters, such as opening the way for Indians to enter the government through the Councils Act of 1861. He retired in 1862.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1770.4.11. ロンドン
[没]1827.8.8. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。 1793～1827年下院議員。ピット (小)の政策を支持，1796～99年外務次官。 1807～09年ポートランド公内閣の外相。 16～21年リバプール伯内閣のインド監督局総裁。カスルレー (子)のあとをうけて再度外相 (1822～27) となり，神聖同盟の反動的な動きから離れた外交政策を展開。ラテンアメリカ諸国の民族主義運動には不干渉策をとり，23年旧スペイン領諸国の独立を承認。ギリシアのトルコに対する抵抗やポルトガルの民主派の活動など，ヨーロッパ内の自由主義的な動きを支援した。内政では自由貿易支持，W.ハスキソンと協力して穀物法の緩和に努力。議会改革には反対したが，自由主義的な彼の政治姿勢はホイッグ党からも支持を得た。 27年4月首相。まもなく病没。

カニング
Canning， Charles John， Earl Canning

[生]1812.12.14. ロンドン
[没]1862.6.17. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家，インド初代副王。 G.カニングの3男。 1836年下院議員となり，41年外務次官，56年インド総督に就任した。着任直後の 57年インド大反乱が起り，58年夏にはその鎮圧に成功。同年8月インド統治改善法が発布され，インド統治はイギリス東インド会社からイギリス王室の手に移り，カニングは初代副王とされた。 59年伯爵を授けられる。反乱の反省から，彼は各種の改革に着手し，軍隊の再編成，財政再建のための新税制の導入，小作人保護のための地代法の制定，裁判所機構の改組などを行なった。また 61年の参事会法によりインド人に官界への道を開くなど，親英層の育成に努めた。 62年退官。

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