The ancient name of the Palestinian region. Its origin is said to come from the name used by the Phoenicians, "Kenaani (Canaan)," which means "merchant." It is also said to be related to the Akkadian name for the reddish purple dye, which was a valuable commodity at the time, and was called kinahhu by the Akkadians, and it flourished since ancient times. Traces of human habitation date back to the Paleolithic period, and agriculture was practiced around 7000 BC. Eventually, cities were formed, and Canaan engaged in trade and developed a highly advanced civilization. Documents include inscriptions of Amenhotep II of Egypt from the 15th century BC, but Canaan's name appears in Genesis 9:18 and 10:6 as the son of Ham, suggesting a connection with the Amorites, one of the most important Semitic peoples. It seems that the Semitic people lived in the 3rd millennium BC. The cities of that time were Jericho, Megiddo, Ugarit, and Byblos, and excavations of these cities have revealed the culture of that time. The area was influenced by successive Egyptian dynasties as well as strong influences from the East, as evidenced by the Mari letters. It was influenced by the Hyksos when they invaded Egypt, and also by the Hittites and Hurrians. After the fall of the Hyksos (16th century BC), it was again under Egyptian political control, as recorded in the Amarna letters. Canaan was considered the "promised land" for Abraham and his descendants, and after the Israelites invaded Canaan, it was called the Land of Israel (1 Samuel 13:19) or the Land of the Hebrews (Genesis 40:15). The Greeks called it Phoenicia. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
パレスチナ地方の古代の名称。語源は,フェニキア人がみずから呼ぶのに用いた「ケナアニ (カナン) 」に由来するとされているが,ケナアニには「商人」という意味がある。また当時の貴重な商品,赤みを帯びた紫の染料をアッカド人がキナフ kinahhuと呼んだことにも関連するといわれ,古くから栄えた。人間居住の跡は旧石器時代にまでさかのぼり,前 7000年頃には農耕を行なっていた。やがて都市を形成し,貿易に従事して高度な文明を発達させた。文書の記載は,前 15世紀のエジプトのアメンホテプ2世の碑文をはじめとするが,『創世記』9章 18,10章6にもハムの子としてカナンの名がみえ,セム系民族中重要なアモリ人との関係も考えられる。前3千年紀にはセム族が居住していたようで,当時の町として,エリコ,メギド,ウガリト,ビブロスなどがあり,これらが発掘されて当時の文化が明らかになった。この地はエジプト歴代の王朝の影響を受けるとともに東方からの影響も強く受けており,マリ文書はそれを物語る。ヒクソスのエジプト侵略に際してはその影響を受け,ヒッタイトやフルリ人の影響も受けた。ヒクソス滅亡 (前 16世紀) 後,再びエジプトの政治的支配を受けたことはアマルナ文書に記録されている。カナンはアブラハムとその子孫にとって「約束の地」とされ,イスラエル人のカナン侵入後は,イスラエルの地 (サムエル記上 13・19) とか,ヘブライ人の地 (創世記 40・15) と呼ばれた。ギリシア人はここをフェニキアと呼んだ。
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