Market price - Soba

Japanese: 相場 - そうば

〘noun〙① The price of goods traded in a market. Current price. [Bunmeihon Setsuyoshu (Muromachi period)] ※Tamonin Nikki - December 14, 1587 (Tensho 15) "In terms of rice, one gold coin _{was sent} at 66 koku." ② Among the transactions at the exchange, this refers specifically to a settlement transaction aimed at the transfer of the difference. ※Civil Service Discipline (1887) (Meiji 20) Article 12 "Civil servants may not indirectly be involved in market commerce." ③ The exchange rate. ※Chugai Shimbun - March 7, 1869 ( Meiji 2) "The dollar rate in Yokohama rose sharply." ④ A speculative transaction in which market prices are predicted to fluctuate and profits are made from the difference between the price fluctuations. Also, the price of such a transaction. ※Haiku poem, Takatsukuba (1638), vol. 1: “What was won is lost. The price of white rice is declining day by day (Nichinyo ) .” ※Angura Nabe (1871-72), Kanagaki Robun, vol. 3: “At the age of 15, I lost to the market price.” ⑤ The value of people and things that is generally accepted in society. A rough estimate. Also, the limit of things. ※Haiku poem, Sanzenfuu Sagashi (1701), vol. 2: “Even the original nature of faith is easily changed, and it is the market price of heaven.” [Glossary] From the middle of the Muromachi period, merchants called “ suai” who acted as middlemen for buying and selling began to appear, and buying and selling became more common at prices determined by middlemen. This price was originally established at the "suaiba," a place where "suai" gather, but gradually came to mean the agreed price itself, and evolved into "aiba." It is thought that the word "soba" was created by adding the character "aiba" (market price) to it. During the Edo period, it also came to mean the average transaction price and price of goods.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 市場で取引される品物の値段。時価。〔文明本節用集（室町中）〕※多聞院日記‐天正一五年（1587）一二月一四日「米にては金一枚六十六石のさうはにて遣_レ之」② 取引所の取引の中で、特に差金の授受を目的とする清算取引をいう。※官吏服務紀律（明治二〇年）（1887）一二条「官吏は〈略〉間接に相場商業に関係することを得ず」③ 為替(かわせ)相場のこと。※中外新聞‐明治二年（1869）三月七日「横浜にてドルの相場大に騰貴し」④ 市価の変動を予期し、その高下による差額で利益を得ようとする投機的取引。また、その取引の値段。※俳諧・鷹筑波（1638）一「かちたるものぞ後はまけける白米のさうばは日々にさがりきて〈日如〉」※安愚楽鍋（1871‐72）〈仮名垣魯文〉三「十五のとしにちゃんが相場(ソウバ)とかにまけて」⑤ 世間一般に定まっている、人や物事のねうち。だいたいの見当。また、物事の限界。※俳諧・三千風笈さがし（1701）下「信に真如の本来なるものすら変化によくをしうつる事は天の相場ならん」[語誌]室町時代の中ごろより、売買の仲立ちをする商人である「牙儈(すあい)」が出現するようになり、仲介者が取り決めた価格によって売買が行なわれることが多くなった。この価格はもともと「すあい」の集合する場、すなわち「すあい場」で成り立っていたところから次第に協定価格そのものを意味するようになり、転化して「あい場」というようになる。それに「相場」の文字をあてたところから「そうば」の語が生じたものと考えられる。江戸時代には、平均的な取引値段や物価をも意味するようになる。

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