Cloud form - Unkei (English spelling) cloud form

Japanese: 雲形 - うんけい(英語表記)cloud form
Cloud form - Unkei (English spelling) cloud form
Cloud shape. There are 10 basic types: cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus, altocumulus, altostratus, nimbostratus, stratocumulus, stratus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus (→ 10 types of cloud shapes). Most types are further divided into species based on their shape and internal structure, and into varieties based on the arrangement of the cloud fragments and their transparency. The species are hairy, hooked, dense, towered, tufted, stratus, misty, lenticular, fragmented, oblate, regular, ostrich, glabrous, and hirsute. The varieties are rib, tangled, wavy, radiating, honeycomb, double, translucent, crevice, and opaque. Clouds with partially distinctive shapes include anvil, mammatus, virulence, precipitation, arch, funnel, hood, shredded, and veil. The above cloud classification system was established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and is used internationally. The scientific classification of cloud types was established in 1803 by British meteorologist Luke Howard. He classified clouds into three basic types: stratus, thin, sheet-like layers; cumulus, fluffy clouds; and cirrus, fibrous or feathery clouds at high altitudes. He further classified clouds that bring rain as nimbus, and added four other types, for a total of seven types. Later, British meteorologist Ralph Abercrombie, together with Swedish meteorologist Hugo Hildebrandsson, classified them into ten types in 1887. Internationally, ten basic types were created in 1896 by the International Meteorological Congress (IMO), the predecessor of the WMO.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
雲の形。巻雲,巻積雲,巻層雲,高積雲,高層雲,乱層雲,層積雲,層雲,積雲,積乱雲の 10類が基本形(→十種雲形)。大部分の類はさらにその形や内部構造に基づいて種に,また雲片の配列の仕方や透明度に基づいて変種に細分される。種には毛状雲,かぎ状雲,濃密雲,塔状雲,ふさ状雲,層状雲,霧状雲,レンズ雲,断片雲,へん平雲,並雲,雄大雲,無毛雲,多毛雲,変種には肋骨雲,もつれ雲,波状雲,放射状雲,蜂の巣状雲,二重雲,半透明雲,すきま雲,不透明雲がある。部分的に特徴のある形の雲として,かなとこ雲,乳房雲,尾流雲,降水雲,アーチ雲,漏斗雲,頭巾雲,ちぎれ雲,ベール雲がある。以上の雲の分類法は世界気象機関 WMOによって定められ,国際的に用いられている。雲形の科学的な分類は 1803年,イギリスの気象学者ルーク・ハワードによって行なわれた。シート状の薄い雲の層を「層雲」stratus,もくもく盛り上がった雲を「積雲」cumulus,上層の繊維状・羽毛状の雲を「巻雲」cirrusとする 3種類を基本形に,さらに,雨をもたらす雲を nimbusとし,ほかに 4種類を加えて合計 7種類に分類した。その後,イギリスの気象学者ラルフ・アバークロンビーが,スウェーデンの気象学者フゴ・ヒルデブランドソンとともに 1887年に 10種類に分類した。国際的には 1896年,WMOの前身である国際気象会議 IMOにより 10の基本形が作成された。

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