Unki refers to the presence of clouds and the way mist moves. In ancient China, it was believed that when a wise ruler or dragon appeared, unki floated in the air, and when something auspicious happened, auspicious clouds (zuiun) (auspicious clouds) floated in all directions. The curved, fern-shaped pattern that appears frequently in wall paintings and stone figures from the Han period is a pattern that represents such unki. This type of unki pattern can also be found on mirrors found in ancient Japanese tombs. After that, unki patterns were combined with various motifs such as dragon patterns and ganoderma lucidum patterns, giving rise to a series of unique styles. Auspicious clouds, commonly known as Tenpyo clouds, were popular in China during the Tang period and were introduced to Japan during the Nara period, and some elements of the palmette pattern are incorporated into this pattern. In Japan after the Heian period, the use of Chinese-style cloud patterns was mainly limited to the field of Buddhist art, and for secular decoration, Japanese-style cloud patterns called kasumi or genjigumo were used. [Muramoto Yu] Western Han Dynasty (2nd century BC) Diameter 26.5 cm. Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art "> Black background with red cloud motif lacquer bowl Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
雲気とは雲の気配、雲霧の移動のありさまのこと。古代中国では名君や竜が現れると雲気がただよい、めでたいことがおこると瑞雲(ずいうん)(めでたい雲気)が四方にたなびくと考えられていた。漢時代の壁画や画像石に多く出てくる蕨手(わらびて)形の曲線は、こういった雲気を表す文様である。日本の古墳から出てくる鏡のなかにも、この種の雲気文をつけたものがときに見受けられる。その後、雲気文は、竜文(りゅうもん)や霊芝文(れいしもん)などさまざまなモチーフと結び付き、特異な形式を次々に生み出していった。瑞雲、俗に天平雲(てんぴょうぐも)とよばれる形式は、中国では唐時代に流行し、奈良時代に日本に入ってきた文様であるが、これにはパルメット文様の要素が一部取り入れられている。日本では平安時代以後、中国風な雲気文の使用は主として仏教美術の分野に限られ、世俗的な装飾には、霞(かすみ)とか源氏雲(げんじぐも)とかよばれている和風の雲気文が用いられた。 [村元雄] 前漢代(紀元前2世紀) 直径26.5cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> 黒地赤絵雲気文漆碗 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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