A structure that protrudes from the riverbank toward the center of the river to control the flow of a river. A groyne pushes the flowing water toward the center of the flow (splash effect), acts as a resistance to the flow, and slows the flow speed near the riverbank (roughness effect), preventing riverbank erosion. In rivers with turbulent flow, they are installed to fix the low water channel and boat route. Multiple groynes are often placed along a riverbank, and a group of groynes changes the riverbank by causing sediment to accumulate between the groynes and plants to grow, providing a habitat for aquatic life. There are permeable groynes with a roughness effect and impermeable groynes (overflow type, non-overflow type) with a splash effect. Permeable groynes include pile groynes, frame groynes, and concrete block groynes, while impermeable groynes include earthen groynes and stone groynes. [Noboru Ikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
河川の流れを制御するために河岸から流れの中心に向かって突き出して設置される工作物。水制は流水を流れの中心に押しやったり(水はね効果)、流れに対する抵抗となり、河岸付近の流速を遅くして(粗度効果)、河岸浸食を防止する。流路が乱流する河道では、低水路・舟運路を固定するために設置される。河岸に沿って複数の水制を配置することが多いが、水制と水制の間に土砂が堆積(たいせき)して植物が生えるなど水制群は河岸に変化を与え、水生生物の生息の場となる。水制には粗度効果をもつ透過水制と水はね効果をもつ不透過水制(越流型、非越流型)がある。透過水制には杭(くい)水制、枠水制、コンクリートブロック水制などがあり、不透過水制には土出し水制、石出し水制などがある。 [鮏川 登] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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