The first black kingdom, which flourished among the West African trading nations from the 9th to the 12th centuries. It was located in a region between the Sahara Desert and the upper reaches of the Senegal and Niger rivers, not in the current Republic of Ghana. The inhabitants were mostly Mande-speaking Soninke people (→ Mande tribes), who acted as intermediaries between Arab and Berber traders in the north and gold and ivory deposits in the south. According to chronicles from the 16th and 17th centuries, the first king was not black, and the state was founded around 300. An 8th-century Arab geographer mentioned the state, but Al-Bakri recorded its heyday in detail in 1067-68. By that time, black people were already in control. The official name of the state was Wagadu, but the common name Ghana comes from the title of the king. The state was made up of a tribal alliance, and several other cities also bore the name Ghana. The capital was not fixed, and one of the well-known capitals was Kumbi Saleh. In the 11th century, the Sahara Desert Berber Islamic tribes attacked the capital, and in 1076 the Moroccan Almoravid dynasty captured it. Their rule lasted only a few years, but trade and agriculture were hit hard, and the empire went into decline. In 1203, the rebellious Susus tribe took over the capital, and in 1240 it was destroyed by Sundiata of the Malinke tribe and annexed to the Mali Empire. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
西アフリカの貿易国家群のなかで,9~12世紀にかけて最も繁栄した最初の黒人王国。サハラ砂漠とセネガル,ニジェール両川の上流にはさまれた地域に位置し,現ガーナ共和国とは異なる場所にあった。住民の主体はマンデ語を話すソニンケ族 (→マンデ諸族 ) で,北方のアラブ人やベルベル人の交易商人と南方の金や象牙の産地とを結ぶ仲介者の地位を占めた。 16~17世紀頃の年代記によると最初の王は黒人ではなく,建国は 300年頃であったとされている。8世紀のアラブ人の地理学者がこの国に言及しているが,最盛期については 1067~68年にアル・バクリーが詳しく記録している。その頃にはすでに黒人が支配していた。正式の国名はワガドゥー Wagaduであったが,通称のガーナは王の称号に由来する。国は部族連合から成っており,その他いくつかのガーナの名をもつ都市もあった。首都は一定せず,その1つとしてクンビ・サレーが知られる。 11世紀になると,サハラ砂漠のベルベル系イスラム諸部族の攻撃を受け,1076年にはモロッコのムラービト朝により首都が陥落した。その支配は数年で終ったが,交易活動と農業は大きな打撃を受け,帝国は衰退した。 1203年には反乱を起したスス族が首都を占領し,さらに 40年マリンケ族のスンディアタによって首都は破壊され,マリ帝国に併合された。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
...One of the three Tendai sect temples along wit...
A polyhydric phenol. It stands for 1,2,3-trihydro...
A dihydric phenol. It is also called hydroquinone...
A science that scientifically elucidates the authe...
Republic of China politician and businessman. His ...
...Frog croaking has been a point of interest for...
…capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Populatio...
A gymnasium, abbreviated to "gym." Sourc...
…(8) Method of writing dimensional tolerance limi...
…Using the pen name Xènius, he wrote the Catalan ...
…Thunder Squid [Takashi Okutani]. . . *Some of th...
Founded in 1917 by Nakajima Chikuhei, it was Japan...
[1] [noun] ① A person who is adopted by someone im...
A Confucian monk from the Azuchi-Momoyama period....
… [Eiichi Asayama]. … *Some of the terminology th...