Acetone - acetone

Japanese: アセトン - あせとん(英語表記)acetone
Acetone - acetone

The simplest and most important ketone. Also known as dimethyl ketone or propanone. In addition to being contained in wood vinegar, it is also found in the body in trace amounts in the blood and urine as ketone bodies (acetone bodies).

Until the 1910s, butyl alcohol was produced by dry distillation of calcium acetate, but then acetone-butanol fermentation was developed, which simultaneously obtains butyl alcohol and acetone by fermenting carbohydrates. Currently, as shown in the figure , it is industrially produced by the Hoechst-Wacker process (pathway shown in red), which partially oxidizes propylene, a petrochemical product, and the cumene process (pathway shown in blue), which simultaneously synthesizes phenol and acetone using benzene and propylene as raw materials. It is a colorless, volatile liquid that mixes with water, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and ether in any ratio. It has an odor similar to ether and has an anesthetic effect. It is not reducing, so it does not react with Fehling's solution. It is used as a raw material for synthesizing acetic anhydride via ketene, as well as for synthesizing methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), etc.

It has a wide range of uses as a solvent, being used for synthetic resins, rubber, oils and paints, as well as for acetyl cellulose and nitrocellulose. It is also used as a nail polish remover. It is highly flammable and prone to explosion when its vapor mixes with air (explosive range 2.55-12.8% by volume), so care must be taken around fire when handling it.

[Masahiro Hirota]

[References] | Acetone butanol fermentation | Cumene process | Ketone bodies | Calcium acetate | Hoechst-Wacker process | Wood vinegar [Supplementary information] | Acetone (Data Note)
Industrial production of acetone (Diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Industrial production of acetone (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

もっとも簡単で、またもっとも重要なケトン。ジメチルケトン、プロパノンともいう。木酢(もくさく)液の中に含まれるほか、生体内にもケトン体(アセトン体)として、血液や尿の中に微量含まれている。

 1910年代までは酢酸カルシウムの乾留によって製造していたが、その後炭水化物の発酵によってブチルアルコールとアセトンとを同時に得るアセトンブタノール発酵が開発された。現在ではのように、石油化学の産物であるプロピレンを部分酸化するヘキスト‐ワッカー法(赤色で示した経路)、ベンゼンとプロピレンを原料としてフェノールとアセトンを同時に合成するクメン法(青色で示した経路)により工業生産されている。無色で揮発性の液体で、水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルには任意の割合で混じり合う。エーテルに似たにおいをもち、麻酔作用がある。還元性がないのでフェーリング液などとは反応しない。ケテンを経て無水酢酸を合成する原料となるほか、メタクリル酸メチル、ビスフェノールA、アスコルビン酸(ビタミンC)などの合成原料となる。

 溶剤としての用途も広く、合成樹脂、ゴム、油脂、塗料の溶剤となるほか、アセチルセルロース、ニトロセルロースなどの溶剤としても使われる。マニキュアの除光液としても使われている。引火性が強いうえ、蒸気が空気と混じると爆発しやすい(爆発範囲2.55~12.8容量%)ので、取り扱うときには火気に注意しなければならない。

[廣田 穰]

[参照項目] | アセトンブタノール発酵 | クメン法 | ケトン体 | 酢酸カルシウム | ヘキスト‐ワッカー法 | 木酢[補完資料] | アセトン(データノート)
アセトンの工業的製法〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

アセトンの工業的製法〔図〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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