This is a work by the French thinker Montaigne. It was written throughout the latter half of his life after he retired from his position as a councillor at the Bordeaux Parlement in 1570. It was published in two volumes in Bordeaux in 1580. After that, he added a lot of new material and wrote a new third volume, which was published in Paris in 1588. It continued to be revised until his death, and a new edition was published posthumously in 1595. The original version that is most trusted today is the handwritten version (the "Bordeaux version") added by the author, and modern versions rely directly or indirectly on this. The three volumes consist of 107 independent chapters, and from the very early short reading notes and collections of moral stories (lesons), it eventually moved to a unique style that explored a wide range of themes and enjoyed free development. While familiar with authors past and present, Montaigne also sought material from political and religious upheavals and everyday life, and the content he deals with is almost limitless, but he does not provide systematic descriptions, but rather always focuses on his own way of being. In the preface he writes: "What I paint is myself." In the work, a Stoic tone is seen in the consideration of death (I, 20, etc.), but at the same time, there is a tendency towards hedonism, which is tempered by the gentle skepticism that permeates the work. In "The Defence of Raymond Subon" (II, 12), the skepticism that originated in ancient times is somewhat emphasized, but the famous phrase "Que sais-je?" (What do I know?) that appears there can be said to call for humility in human intellectual endeavors, and determines the spirit of this book. In the third volume, the skeptical tendency is somewhat weakened, and by declaring that "each person possesses the full characteristics of a human nature" (III, 2), it shows an attitude of positively accepting humanity. In chapters such as "On Emptiness" (III, 9) and "On Experience" (III, 13), supported by this conviction, the author develops unlimited themes in a unique style, and seems to realize a natural connection between the self and humans, and between humans and the world. This work, which can be seen as the culmination of Renaissance humanism, is not only the source of French moralist literature, but also rich in contemporary significance in terms of both thought and expression. [Yasuaki Ohkubo] "Hideo Sekine's translation of "Complete Works of Montaigne Vol. 1-7: Essays" (1982-83, Hakusuisha)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの思想家モンテーニュの著作。1570年ボルドー高等法院参事を辞したあとの後半生を通して執筆された。1580年ボルドーで二巻本として刊行。その後大幅な加筆を行ったうえ、新たに第3巻を執筆し、1588年パリで刊行。その後も死に至るまで加筆訂正が続けられ、死後の1595年新版が出た。現在もっとも信頼される原本は、著者が加筆した手沢(しゅたく)本(「ボルドー本」)であり、現代の各版は直接間接にこれに依拠している。全3巻は独立した107章からなり、ごく初期の短い読書録・訓話集(ルソン)といった体(てい)のものから、やがて主題を広く見込んで自由な展開を楽しむような、独特の形式へと移りゆく。古今の著作家に親しむとともに、政治的・宗教的動乱や日常生活にも題材を求め、扱う内容はほとんど無限であるが、体系的記述はなさず、むしろつねに自己のあり方を中心に据えた考察となっている。序文には、「私が描くのは私自身である」と記されている。 作品中、死の考察にあたってストア主義的論調が表れる(Ⅰ・20など)が、同時に快楽主義的傾向もみられ、それらは、作品を貫く穏やかな懐疑精神によって和らげられる。「レーモン・スボン弁護」(Ⅱ・12)には、古代に源泉をもつ懐疑主義がやや強調されて述べられているが、そこに現れる有名なQue sais-je ?(私は何を知っているのか?)の句は、人間の知的営為に謙虚さを求めるものといえ、この書物の精神を決定している。第3巻では懐疑的傾向をやや弱め、「各人は人間の性状の全き姿を備えている」(Ⅲ・2)といいきることで、人間性を積極的に認める姿勢を示す。「空虚について」(Ⅲ・9)、「経験について」(Ⅲ・13)などの章は、その確信に支えられ、無限定な主題を個性的な文体で展開し、自己と人間、人間と世界との無理のない連接を実現しているようにみえる。ルネサンスの人文主義(ユマニスム)の到達点ともいえるこの作品は、フランス・モラリスト文学の源をなすのみならず、思想・表現の両面で現代的意義を豊かに含んでいる。 [大久保康明] 『関根秀雄訳『モンテーニュ全集1~7 随想録』(1982~83・白水社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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